A binocular telescope includes a pair of Schmidt-Pechan roof prisms, a second half pentaprism, a right-angle prism, a main circuit board, and an auxiliary circuit board. The second half pentaprism is connected to a first lateral surface of one of the first half pentaprisms. A second lateral surface of the second half pentaprism substantially faces the other first half pentaprism. The third lateral surface of the right-angle prism is connected to the second lateral surface of the second half pentaprism. A normal of the fourth lateral surface of the right-angle prism is perpendicular to an imaginary plane. The imaginary plane includes a normal of the first lateral surface and a normal of the second lateral surface. The light emitter and the light receiver on the auxiliary circuit board are arranged above the fourth lateral surface of the right-angle prism and electrically connected with the main circuit board respectively.

The invention is related to gages to measure incline angles of moving and immobile objects and can be used in incline angle gages in such transportation vehicles as airplanes and ships (if a phosphorus scale can be applied to a closed loop clear tube) as a standby device to display pitch and roll angles (FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8). The purpose of this invention is an effective measurement of incline angles in stationary and dynamic objects in a wide range (0°-180°, 0°-360°). Faster measurement is required to improve stated parameters of the general purpose liquid angle indicator. It is achieved because liquid, an air bubble or indicating ball within the semicircular and round clear tube, subjected to gravitational forces, can display measured angles relative to the scale on the graduated clear tube without being in a horizontal position.

Example embodiments of the described technology provide apparatus and methods for measuring slope angles of surfaces. An example apparatus for measuring a slope angle of a surface may comprise a first laser and a second laser. The first and second lasers may be separated from one another and may be configured to emit parallel light beams towards the surface. The apparatus may also comprise at least one image sensor operable to capture images of the light beams scattered from the surface. The apparatus may also comprise at least one lens positioned to collect the light beams scattered from the surface and focus the scattered light beams onto the at least one image sensor. A controller may be configured to switch one of the first laser and the second laser off to avoid optical interference or cross-talk of the light beams emitted from both the first and second lasers at the at least one image sensor. Additionally, or alternatively, beams emitted by one or both of the lasers may be conditioned to avoid optical interference or cross-talk.

Example embodiments of the described technology provide apparatus and methods for measuring slope angles of surfaces. An example apparatus for measuring a slope angle of a surface may comprise a first laser and a second laser. The first and second lasers may be separated from one another and may be configured to emit parallel light beams towards the surface. The apparatus may also comprise at least one image sensor operable to capture images of the light beams scattered from the surface. The apparatus may also comprise at least one lens positioned to collect the light beams scattered from the surface and focus the scattered light beams onto the at least one image sensor. A controller may be configured to switch one of the first laser and the second laser off to avoid optical interference or cross-talk of the light beams emitted from both the first and second lasers at the at least one image sensor. Additionally, or alternatively, beams emitted by one or both of the lasers may be conditioned to avoid optical interference or cross-talk.

An activation device comprising a computation unit configured to compute a stall margin of the aircraft, an information reception unit configured to receive information indicating if an automatic angle-of-attack protection system of the aircraft is active or inactive, and an activation unit configured to activate the display of the stall margin indicator only if the automatic angle-of-attack protection system is inactive.

An activation device comprising a computation unit configured to compute a stall margin of the aircraft, an information reception unit configured to receive information indicating if an automatic angle-of-attack protection system of the aircraft is active or inactive, and an activation unit configured to activate the display of the stall margin indicator only if the automatic angle-of-attack protection system is inactive.

An example hologram device may include a target holographic view of an encoded holographic image representing an alignment target; and a plurality of non-target holographic views of the encoded holographic image, each non-target holographic view indicating a position relative to the target holographic view.

Methods, systems, and computer code on computer-readable media are provided that are directed to generating area skyline data using a digital elevation or surface models (DEMs or DESs) and shadow casting techniques. Some embodiments use an area of maximum shadow line overlap, for shadow line images based on target location skyline azimuth and elevation angle data, as the best approximation for the position of the target location in an area. Some embodiments select the location showing the best fit to the target skyline azimuth and elevation angle data as the best approximation for the target location.

The present invention relates to a method for estimating the value of the angle of the direction of motion or of the walk of a person who carries a device capable of measuring the basic quantities related to his/her own inertia such as a common smartphone. The device is capable of measuring for example acceleration and angular rotation and to determine its orientation relative to Magnetic North. The estimation method in question is particularly suitable for estimating the direction angle of the individual's motion regardless of how the individual carries the device able to measure the main inertial quantities and consequently this method solves the problem of the determination of the relative attitude between the reference system of the carried device and the user reference system that moves within a generic absolute reference system.

The present invention relates to a method for estimating the value of the angle of the direction of motion or of the walk of a person who carries a device capable of measuring the basic quantities related to his/her own inertia such as a common smartphone. The device is capable of measuring for example acceleration and angular rotation and to determine its orientation relative to Magnetic North. The estimation method in question is particularly suitable for estimating the direction angle of the individual's motion regardless of how the individual carries the device able to measure the main inertial quantities and consequently this method solves the problem of the determination of the relative attitude between the reference system of the carried device and the user reference system that moves within a generic absolute reference system.