An automatic large-mass-weight handling system comprises: a weight picking device (10) configured for picking up and holding a large-mass-weight (75); a driving device (80) for providing a driving power; a weight transferring device (50) comprising a first horizontal rail (52) and a vertical rail (62) assembled to the first horizontal rail (52) in a way of being movable along the first horizontal rail (52), the first horizontal rail (52) extending in a first horizontal direction, the vertical rail (62) extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, and the weight picking device (10) being assembled to the vertical rail (62); and a control unit for controlling the movement of the weight picking device (10); wherein the control unit controls the driving device (80) in a way that the weight picking device (10) is able to be moved automatically in the first horizontal direction and is able to be moved automatically in the vertical direction.

A hand truck includes a truck frame, a toe plate coupled with the truck frame and having a loading surface which is disposed to extend forwardly of and transverse to the truck frame for carrying objects thereon, and a load measuring assembly disposed on the truck frame adjacent to the toe plate and spaced apart from the loading surface to measure weight of the objects set on the loading surface. The load measuring assembly includes a force measuring unit disposed on the truck frame to receive and measure an upward force, and a force transferring unit interconnecting the toe plate and the force measuring unit to transfer the weight of the objects as the upward force to the force measuring unit.

A load cell to measure displacements transferred by a fifth wheel to the load cell includes an elongated mounting base portion configured to attach to a support structure of a tractor, a coupling portion configured to pivotally support a fifth wheel, a middle portion disposed above the elongated mounting base portion and below the coupling portion, the middle portion including a hollow interior section with an opening into the hollow interior section, and a post extending from the elongated mounting base portion and protruding into the hollow interior section of the middle portion.

A load cell to measure displacements transferred by a fifth wheel to the load cell includes an elongated mounting base portion configured to attach to a support structure of a tractor, a coupling portion configured to pivotally support a fifth wheel, a middle portion disposed above the elongated mounting base portion and below the coupling portion, the middle portion including a hollow interior section with an opening into the hollow interior section, and a post extending from the elongated mounting base portion and protruding into the hollow interior section of the middle portion.

Several embodiments include a method of computing a phase composition ratio of a two-phase mixture in a pipe. For example, the phase composition ratio is a void fraction or a dryness fraction. The two-phase mixture can have one or more material substances that do not travel as a whole (e.g., at least two of solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase or two liquid materials of different densities that do not mix). A load cell can measure, continuously, weight of the pipe and content of the pipe. Then, a computing system or a circuit can compute, continuously, a moving average of the continuously measured weight. The computing system or the circuit can compute a change in the phase composition ratio of the two-phase mixture based on the computed moving average.

Several embodiments include a method of computing a phase composition ratio of a two-phase mixture in a pipe. For example, the phase composition ratio is a void fraction or a dryness fraction. The two-phase mixture can have one or more material substances that do not travel as a whole (e.g., at least two of solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase or two liquid materials of different densities that do not mix). A load cell can measure, continuously, weight of the pipe and content of the pipe. Then, a computing system or a circuit can compute, continuously, a moving average of the continuously measured weight. The computing system or the circuit can compute a change in the phase composition ratio of the two-phase mixture based on the computed moving average.

A load cell to measure displacements transferred by a supported structure to the load cell including an elongated mounting base portion configured to attach to a support structure, a coupling portion operably supporting the support structure, a middle portion disposed above the elongated mounting base portion and below the coupling portion, the middle portion including a hollow interior section with an opening into the hollow interior section, wherein the mounting base portion, the coupling portion and the middle portion comprise a similar material, and a post extending from the elongated mounting base portion and protruding into the hollow interior section of the middle portion.

A load cell to measure displacements transferred by a supported structure to the load cell including an elongated mounting base portion configured to attach to a support structure, a coupling portion operably supporting the support structure, a middle portion disposed above the elongated mounting base portion and below the coupling portion, the middle portion including a hollow interior section with an opening into the hollow interior section, wherein the mounting base portion, the coupling portion and the middle portion comprise a similar material, and a post extending from the elongated mounting base portion and protruding into the hollow interior section of the middle portion.

A system includes at least one sensor and at least one controller. The at least one sensor is configured to generate a first weight signal corresponding to a first weight of a first lot of substrates, and a second weight signal corresponding to a second weight of a second lot of substrates. The at least one controller is coupled to the at least one sensor to receive the first weight signal and the second weight signal. The at least one controller is configured to convert a weight difference between the first weight and the second weight into a number of substrates each having a predetermined weight. The at least one controller is further configured to, based on the converted number of substrates, control a processing apparatus to rotate the first lot of substrates and the second lot of substrates simultaneously.

A system includes at least one sensor and at least one controller. The at least one sensor is configured to generate a first weight signal corresponding to a first weight of a first lot of substrates, and a second weight signal corresponding to a second weight of a second lot of substrates. The at least one controller is coupled to the at least one sensor to receive the first weight signal and the second weight signal. The at least one controller is configured to convert a weight difference between the first weight and the second weight into a number of substrates each having a predetermined weight. The at least one controller is further configured to, based on the converted number of substrates, control a processing apparatus to rotate the first lot of substrates and the second lot of substrates simultaneously.