The present invention discloses an intelligent real-time full-field measurement method and system for a high-repetition-rate femtosecond pulse. The method includes: splitting a to-be-tested signal into n channels; performing a frequency reduction separation on each of the channels; splitting each channel of frequency-reduced time-domain demultiplexed signals into two signals, where a small dispersion component performs time-domain stretching on one signal, and a big dispersion component performs a time-frequency conversion on the other signal; acquiring time-domain intensity information of the to-be-tested signal after the stretching by the small dispersion component and frequency-domain envelope information of the to-be-tested signal after the time-frequency conversion by the big dispersion component; and continuously iterating the acquired time-domain intensity information and frequency-domain envelope information according to a Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm until a convergence is achieved, to obtain information about intensity and phase of the to-be-tested signal in a time domain and a frequency domain.

A circuit and method for timing-tolerant optical pulse energy electrical conversion receives a current pulse stream converted from an input optical pulse stream (which may be periodic or nonperiodic), converts the current pulse stream to an electrical waveform of voltage pulses and detects each voltage pulse, e.g., by its leading edge. The conversion circuit may include a divider circuit for receiving the electrical waveform, dividing the waveform into a multi-channel output of divided electrical waveforms, and sequential logic circuits for adjusting a width window of each voltage pulse according to an adjustable delay.

A circuit and method for timing-tolerant optical pulse energy electrical conversion receives a current pulse stream converted from an input optical pulse stream (which may be periodic or nonperiodic), converts the current pulse stream to an electrical waveform of voltage pulses and detects each voltage pulse, e.g., by its leading edge. The conversion circuit may include a divider circuit for receiving the electrical waveform, dividing the waveform into a multi-channel output of divided electrical waveforms, and sequential logic circuits for adjusting a width window of each voltage pulse according to an adjustable delay.

A method for determining the complex amplitude of the electromagnetic field associated with a scene, comprising a) capturing a plurality of images of the scene by means of a photographic camera, the images being focused in planes of focus arranged at different distances, wherein the camera comprises a lens of focal length F and a sensor arranged at a certain distance from the lens in its image space, taking at least one image pair from the plurality of images and determining the accumulated wavefront to the conjugate plane in the object space corresponding to the intermediate plane with respect to the planes of focus of the two images of the pair.

An apparatus measures the transverse profile of vectorial optical field beams, including both the phase and the polarization spatial profile. The apparatus contains a polarization separation module, a weak perturbation module, and a detection module. Characterizing the transverse profile of vector fields provides an optical metrology tool for both fundamental studies of vectorial optical fields and a wide spectrum of applications, including microscopy, surveillance, imaging, communication, material processing, and laser trapping.

An apparatus measures the transverse profile of vectorial optical field beams, including both the phase and the polarization spatial profile. The apparatus contains a polarization separation module, a weak perturbation module, and a detection module. Characterizing the transverse profile of vector fields provides an optical metrology tool for both fundamental studies of vectorial optical fields and a wide spectrum of applications, including microscopy, surveillance, imaging, communication, material processing, and laser trapping.

A method and a system for measuring carrier-to-envelope phase fluctuations (CEP) fluctuations of a laser field, the method comprising focusing laser pulses in a solid-state material for high harmonic generation, collecting a resulting high harmonic spectrum, and inferring a relative phase of the driving field from the high harmonic spectrum. The system comprises a source of CEP stable mid-infrared laser pulses; a CEP variation unit; a solid state medium; a detector; and first focusing optics focusing pulses generated by the source into the solid state medium and second focusing optics collecting resulting harmonics generated in the solid state medium into the detector.

A method and a system for measuring carrier-to-envelope phase fluctuations (CEP) fluctuations of a laser field, the method comprising focusing laser pulses in a solid-state material for high harmonic generation, collecting a resulting high harmonic spectrum, and inferring a relative phase of the driving field from the high harmonic spectrum. The system comprises a source of CEP stable mid-infrared laser pulses; a CEP variation unit; a solid state medium; a detector; and first focusing optics focusing pulses generated by the source into the solid state medium and second focusing optics collecting resulting harmonics generated in the solid state medium into the detector.

The present application relates to a real-time measurement method and system for ultrafast space-time-frequency three-domain information based on space-time-frequency compression. The method includes: generating an ultrafast-pulse optical signal in a to-be-observed physical system; performing intensity-modulated spatial encoding on the ultrafast-pulse optical signal; arranging, by a space-time editor, a time-domain series of an encoded ultrafast-pulse optical signal in a horizontal space direction; performing, by a frequency-space editor, frequency spectral processing on a space-time distribution encoding form of the encoded ultrafast-pulse optical signal; performing, by a frequency-time delayer, frequency-time delaying on an encoded space-time-frequency synchronized ultrafast-pulse optical signal; performing, by an area array detector, real-time compression and acquisition on a high-frequency-resolution encoded space-time-frequency synchronized ultrafast-pulse optical signal, to obtain compressed encoded data information; and decompressing and decoding data according to the compressed encoded data information, to obtain space-time-frequency three-domain synchronization information of the ultrafast-pulse optical signal.

An optical signal detection system includes: a nonlinear converter that nonlinearly converts a plurality of first optical signals into a plurality of second optical signals, and also a third optical signal into a fourth optical signal; a spectrometer that obtains each of a plurality of first spectral data items from a different one of the plurality of second optical signals, and also a third spectral data item from the fourth optical signal; and a detection device that detects the third optical signal and outputs a detection result. The detection device includes: an analyzer that performs sparse principal component analysis on the plurality of first spectral data items to generate a plurality of second spectral data items; and a detector that compares the third spectral data item with each of the plurality of second spectral data items, and detects the third optical signal based on the result of the comparison.