Improved mechanisms for collecting information from a diverse suite of sensors and systems, calculating the current precipitation, atmospheric water vapor, atmospheric liquid water content, or precipitable water and other atmospheric-based phenomena, for example presence and intensity of fog, based upon these sensor readings, predicting future precipitation and atmospheric-based phenomena, and estimating effects of the atmospheric-based phenomena on visibility, for example by calculating runway visible range (RVR) estimates and forecasts based on the atmospheric-based phenomena.

Systems and methods for measuring gas flux are provided. The method includes obtaining one or more of wind speed data, gas content data, temperature data and humidity data over a period of time, computing a plurality of different gas flux values for said period of time using a corresponding plurality of different flux calculation algorithms, wherein each of the plurality of different flux calculation algorithms uses one, some or all of the measured data types to calculate gas flux values for one or a plurality of sub-periods of said period of time, and for each of the one or the plurality of sub-periods, determining an optimal flux calculation algorithm of the plurality of different flux calculation algorithms based on one or more quality indicators; and outputting, for each of the plurality of sub-periods, one or more optimal flux calculation values corresponding to the optimal flux calculation algorithm for the sub-period.

This application relates to an input data generating apparatus for generating forcing data used as input data for a climate change prediction model. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a memory storing instructions and a processor configured to, by executing the instructions, collect new ground type data from land-use harmonization (LUH) data that is restored through history database of the global environment (HYDE) and provided by the coupled model inter-comparison project (CMIP). The processor may also collect existing ground type data calculated by an existing model in a previous phase of the CMIP, generate aggregated ground type data by data-aggregating the new ground type data and the existing ground type data, with priority to the new ground type data. The processor may further generate the forcing data from the aggregated ground type data by performing a distortion correction on a data distortion that occurs during the data aggregation.

Improved mechanisms for collecting information from a diverse suite of sensors and systems, calculating the current precipitation, atmospheric water vapor, atmospheric liquid water content, or precipitable water and other atmospheric-based phenomena, for example presence and intensity of fog, based upon these sensor readings, predicting future precipitation and atmospheric-based phenomena, and estimating effects of the atmospheric-based phenomena on visibility, for example by calculating runway visible range (RVR) estimates and forecasts based on the atmospheric-based phenomena.

System and method for estimating how an atmospheric gas is distributed. A server receives prior data related to historical and/or theoretical global patterns of the gas, as well as measurements of the concentration and/or emission of the gas. The server passes the data and measurements to a database for storage and/or to at least one processor, which applies statistical inference methods to estimate a probability distribution of gas concentration and emission within the region. In one embodiment, the entire atmosphere is divided into numerous regions, and gas distributions are evaluated in each region, to thereby produce an estimated distribution covering the atmosphere. In some embodiments, the regions are divisions of an equirectangular projection of the Earth's surface and have a length and width of 0.025°.

A tropical cyclone analytics system that stores a plurality of ranges for each of a plurality of weather conditions, identifies a forecasted tropical cyclone, identifies a predicted path of the forecasted tropical cyclone, identifies each country or region along the predicted path of the forecasted tropical cyclone, and, for each country or region along the predicted path of the forecasted tropical cyclone, identifies forecasted weather conditions in the country or region attributable to the forecasted tropical cyclone, compares the forecasted weather conditions in the country or region to the plurality of ranges for each of the plurality of weather conditions, characterizes the forecasted tropical cyclone in the country or region based on the comparison of the forecasted weather conditions in the country or region to the plurality of ranges, and outputs the characterization for display to a user.

A computer system and method for improving the accuracy of predictions of the amount of renewable energy, such as solar energy and wind energy, available to an electric utility, and/or refine such predictions, by providing improved integration of meteorological forecasts. Coefficient values are calculated for a renewable energy generation model by performing a regression analysis with the forecasted level of renewable energy posted by the utility, forecasted weather conditions and measures of seasonality as explanatory variables. Accuracy is further enhanced through the inclusion of a large number of time series variables that reflect the systematic nature of the energy/weather system. The model also uses the original forecast posted by the system operator as well as variables to control for season.

A method and system for determining cloud seeding potential comprises receiving a temperature and a liquid water content (LWC). A seeding index is calculated based on the temperature T, a temperature membership function ƒ(T), the LWC, and a liquid water content membership function ƒ(LWC) at the plurality of grid points to create a seeding index set. A target region potential flag is set based on the seeding index set.

Disclosed embodiments include systems, vehicles, and methods for presenting weather conditions a traveler may encounter while traveling a route. In an illustrative embodiment, a computing device executes instructions to present an integrated route map. An input is received indicative of a trip to be made to a destination by a traveler. A store of route data for an area encompassing the trip is accessed. At least one route is identified. A weather forecasting service is accessed from which expected weather conditions are accessible for the area through the projected time. The expected weather conditions are identified for the location at the projected time. An integrated route map is displayed showing the at least one route and the expected weather conditions for the location at the projected time.

This application relates to an input data generating apparatus for generating forcing data used as input data for a climate change prediction model. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a memory storing instructions and a processor configured to, by executing the instructions, collect new ground type data from land-use harmonization (LUH) data that is restored through history database of the global environment (HYDE) and provided by the coupled model inter-comparison project (CMIP). The processor may also collect existing ground type data calculated by an existing model in a previous phase of the CMIP, generate aggregated ground type data by data-aggregating the new ground type data and the existing ground type data, with priority to the new ground type data. The processor may further generate the forcing data from the aggregated ground type data by performing a distortion correction on a data distortion that occurs during the data aggregation.