Control instructions are transmitted to receivers by modulating light sources to generate light beams that are modulated with digital data streams for inducing control instructions in the light beams. Each light beam is applied to a pixel shaper element of a pixel shaper assembly to produce a light pixel, each light pixel carrying the control instructions of the light beam, each light pixel having a perimeter defined by the pixel shaper element. The pixel shaper assembly combines the light pixels into an image without significant overlap or voids between the light pixels. The light pixels are directed toward a projector lens for transmission toward the receivers. In a receiver, an optical receiver detects a light pixel. A controller decodes the control instructions received in the detected light pixel and uses the control instructions to control a function of the receiver.

Aspects of the embodiments are directed to an opto-electronic device and methods of using the same. The opto-electronic device can include a processing device and a photonic device. The photonic device can include an optical demultiplexer; a collimating lens optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer and positioned to receive light from the optical demultiplexer, the collimating lens to collimate light received from the optical demultiplexer; a photodetector comprising a photosensitive element, the photosensitive element to convert received light into an electrical signal; and a focusing lens optically coupled to the photodetector, the focusing lens to receive light and focus the light towards the photosensitive element.

A method and an apparatus for collecting powder samples in real-time in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing may involves an ingester system for in-process collection and characterizations of powder samples. The collection may be performed periodically and uses the results of characterizations for adjustments in the powder bed fusion process. The ingester system of the present disclosure is capable of packaging powder samples collected in real-time into storage containers serving a multitude purposes of audit, process adjustments or actions.

A lighting lamp is provided. The lighting lamp includes a light module and a lens. The lens includes a lens body, provided with a first end and a second end which are opposite to each other and a side wall located between the first end and the second end, in which a light source of the lighting lamp is arranged at the first end, and at least a portion of the side wall is configured as a light emitting component. The lens also includes a light incident component, arranged at the first end of the lens body, in which the light incident component irradiates light emitted by the light source to the second end. The lens includes a light reflecting component, arranged at the second end of the lens body.

The present invention relates to a multi-channel lidar sensor module capable of measuring at least two target objects using one image sensor. The multi-channel lidar sensor module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one pair of light emitting units configured to emit laser beams and a light receiving unit formed between the at least one pair of emitting units and configured to receive at least one pair of reflected laser beams which are emitted from the at least one pair of light emitting units and reflected by target objects.

The present invention relates to a multi-channel lidar sensor module capable of measuring at least two target objects using one image sensor. The multi-channel lidar sensor module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one pair of light emitting units configured to emit laser beams and a light receiving unit formed between the at least one pair of emitting units and configured to receive at least one pair of reflected laser beams which are emitted from the at least one pair of light emitting units and reflected by target objects.

A non-imaging concentrator is employed in an upside down configuration in which light enters a smaller aperture and exits a larger aperture. The input angle of light rays may be as large as 180 degrees, while the maximum exit angle is limited to the acceptance angle of the non-imaging concentrator. A dichroic filter placed at the larger aperture has a maximum angle of incidence equal to the acceptance angle of the non-imaging concentrator.

The present invention relates to linear, straight through electron beam machines that incorporate a rotary coupling system to easily attach and manually or automatically rotate field defining members such as applicators and/or shields to the electron beam machines. The rotary coupling systems also incorporate functionality for using different kinds of optical signals to automatically provide illumination, reference mark projection, and/or distance detection. The optical signals generated downstream from heavy collimator components and are transmitted along the central axis of the field defining elements so that function and accuracy are maintained as the components rotate.

A device has a light guide portion and a light collector portion. The light guide portion is cup shaped. The wall of the cup has a cross section defined by sections of two ellipses disposed in a predefined manner with each other. The light collector portion is also cup-shaped, inverted with reference to the light guide portion, by a section of an ellipse and straight lines defined with reference to the light guide portion. The device radiates an annular illumination at the rim of the cup through total internal reflection of light from an LED, collected by the light collector portion. The device is made of a clear, colourless, substantially transparent material by injection moulding, one example being Polycarbonate. An annular light source system and a fundus camera using such a system are also disclosed.

An optical device includes a reflector-section that includes a light-ingress surface for receiving light from a light source, a reflector surface for reflecting the light based on total internal reflection, and a light-egress surface through which the reflected light exits the optical device. When the light source is at a predetermined position with respect to the optical device, an angle of incidence (θ.sub.i) of the light at the light-egress surface is a polarization angle at which a p-polarized component of the light is transmitted through the light-egress surface without being reflected by the light-egress surface. Thus, unwanted reflections at the light-egress surface can be reduced and thereby unwanted scattering of light is reduced while having good transmitting efficacy.