The disclosure provides methods of synthesizing DNA using topoisomerase-mediated ligation, by adding single nucleotides or oligomers to a DNA strand in the 3′ to 5′ direction.

An LC filter includes a multilayer body, plate electrodes, capacitor electrodes, and inductor vias. The capacitor electrodes each define a capacitor between the plate electrode and a corresponding one of the capacitor electrodes. A first inductor via is connected between a first capacitor electrode and a first plate electrode. A second inductor via is connected between a second capacitor electrode and the first plate electrode. A third inductor via is connected between a third capacitor electrode and the first plate electrode. A fourth capacitor electrode faces the first and second capacitor electrodes. A fifth capacitor electrode faces the second and third capacitor electrodes. A sixth capacitor electrode faces the first and third capacitor electrodes.

Disclosed is a resonant filter, which includes a housing including an input hole and an output hole, an input resonator including an input resonant body and an input port extending from the input resonant body and out of the housing through the input hole, and an output resonator including an output resonant body and an output port extending from the output resonant body and out of the housing through the output hole. The input resonator and the output resonator are fixed in the housing. The input resonator body and the output resonator body, which are sheets with a metal surface or metal sheets, respectively include a resonant rod with an upright segment, an extension segment extending from the upright segment and one end of which away from the extension segment is connected to the housing, and a first branch extending from the extension segment away from the upright segment.

Disclosed is a resonant filter, which includes a housing including an input hole and an output hole, an input resonator including an input resonant body and an input port extending from the input resonant body and out of the housing through the input hole, and an output resonator including an output resonant body and an output port extending from the output resonant body and out of the housing through the output hole. The input resonator and the output resonator are fixed in the housing. The input resonator body and the output resonator body, which are sheets with a metal surface or metal sheets, respectively include a resonant rod with an upright segment, an extension segment extending from the upright segment and one end of which away from the extension segment is connected to the housing, and a first branch extending from the extension segment away from the upright segment.

An apparatus and method for building and operating of a YIG-based filter-attenuator module with closed-loop control. The module combines both signal filtering and amplitude control functions by utilizing an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) resonator. A technique for a closed-loop calibration and control also disclosed. This apparatus and method provides a cost effective harmonic rejection/amplitude control solution for microwave test-and-measurement instruments such as signal generators and spectrum analyzers.

A filter device includes a body, a ground terminal, and resonators in the body and coupled to each other by electromagnetic field coupling. The resonators include a first resonator coupled to an input terminal, a second resonator coupled to an output terminal, and third and fourth resonators. The second resonator is adjacent to the first resonator in a first direction. The third resonator is adjacent to the first resonator in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The fourth resonator is adjacent to the third resonator in the first direction. The third and fourth resonators partially share a path to the ground terminal.

A surface wave generator is proposed. The generator may include a radiator configured to generate an electromagnetic field based on a signal externally applied. The generator may also include a first dielectric substrate on a top of the radiator and a second dielectric substrate on a bottom of the radiator. The generator may further include a first surface wave generation member on a bottom of the second dielectric substrate, a first geometric pattern being deposited on a top of the first surface wave generation member. The generator may further include a third dielectric substrate on a bottom of the first surface wave generation member. The generator may also include a second surface wave generation member between the third dielectric substrate and a metal surface, a second geometric pattern different from the first geometric pattern and being deposited on an upper surface of the second surface wave generation member.

A surface wave generator is proposed. The generator may include a radiator configured to generate an electromagnetic field based on a signal externally applied. The generator may also include a first dielectric substrate on a top of the radiator and a second dielectric substrate on a bottom of the radiator. The generator may further include a first surface wave generation member on a bottom of the second dielectric substrate, a first geometric pattern being deposited on a top of the first surface wave generation member. The generator may further include a third dielectric substrate on a bottom of the first surface wave generation member. The generator may also include a second surface wave generation member between the third dielectric substrate and a metal surface, a second geometric pattern different from the first geometric pattern and being deposited on an upper surface of the second surface wave generation member.

The present disclosure relates to a tunable waveguide resonator comprising a rectangular waveguide part having electrically conducting inner walls, a first waveguide port and a second waveguide port. The resonator comprises at least one tuning element positioned between the waveguide ports, where each tuning element comprises an electrically conducting body and a holding rod. The holding rod is attached to the electrically conducting body and is movable from the outside of the resonator such that the electrically conducting body can be moved between a plurality of positions within the waveguide part by means of the holding rod.

A photonic resonator analyzer characterizes a photonic resonator and incudes a light source that provides a probe light; a photonic resonator that receives the probe light and produces product light; an optical detector that receives the product light and produces a product signal; a mode analyzer that receives the product signal and produces a resonator spectrum; and a spectral analyzer that receives the resonator spectrum, performs regression by fitting a non-parametric model to the resonator spectrum, and produces a thermal response function of the photonic resonator from fitting the non-parametric model to the resonator spectrum to characterize the photonic resonator.