An optical switch, including an input collimator array, an input micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) chip, an output MEMS chip, and an output collimator array. An included angle (β) exists between a surface of a micromirror array on the output MEMS chip and a surface of a lens array of the output collimator array, micromirrors of the micromirror array on the output MEMS chip are arranged at an equal spacing (L) both in a direction parallel to a first direction and in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, where the first direction is a direction of an intersection line of planes to which the surface of the lens array of the output collimator array and the surface of the micromirror array on the output MEMS chip belong, and lenses of the lens array of the output collimator array are arranged with the same arrangement of micromirrors of the output MEMS chip.

A method for removing static differential delays resulting from an independent transport of the client signals of a client signal bundle through an optical transport network, OTN, which comprises OTN mappers mapping received client signals to ODU signals transported to OTN demappers demapping received ODU signals to client signals, wherein a process slave, PS, at the OTN mapper end of said OTN network supplies continuously or in response to a received request information about timing relations between the client signals of said client signal bundle to a process master, PM, at the OTN demapper end of said OTN network used by the process master, PM, to remove the static differential delays between the client signals of the respective client signal bundle.

A wire carrier is provided herein, which can include a length of insulative material, wherein the insulative material comprises one or more wire-retaining features, wherein the one or more wire-retaining features include at least one predetermined arrangement of notches in the insulative material, and wherein the one or more wire-retaining features enable retention of at least one wire in at least one predetermined, non-linear pattern.

A wire carrier is provided herein, which can include a length of insulative material, wherein the insulative material comprises one or more wire-retaining features, wherein the one or more wire-retaining features include at least one predetermined arrangement of notches in the insulative material, and wherein the one or more wire-retaining features enable retention of at least one wire in at least one predetermined, non-linear pattern.

An optical switch, including an input collimator array, an input micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) chip, an output MEMS chip, and an output collimator array. An included angle () exists between a surface of a micromirror array on the output MEMS chip and a surface of a lens array of the output collimator array, micromirrors of the micromirror array on the output MEMS chip are arranged at an equal spacing (L) both in a direction parallel to a first direction and in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, where the first direction is a direction of an intersection line of planes to which the surface of the lens array of the output collimator array and the surface of the micromirror array on the output MEMS chip belong, and lenses of the lens array of the output collimator array are arranged with the same arrangement of micromirrors of the output MEMS chip.

An optical switch, including an input collimator array, an input micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) chip, an output MEMS chip, and an output collimator array. An included angle () exists between a surface of a micromirror array on the output MEMS chip and a surface of a lens array of the output collimator array, micromirrors of the micromirror array on the output MEMS chip are arranged at an equal spacing (L) both in a direction parallel to a first direction and in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, where the first direction is a direction of an intersection line of planes to which the surface of the lens array of the output collimator array and the surface of the micromirror array on the output MEMS chip belong, and lenses of the lens array of the output collimator array are arranged with the same arrangement of micromirrors of the output MEMS chip.

An antenna that comprises a feeding point, a first conductor and a second conductor is provided. The first conductor is connected to the feeding point, includes, as an open end, an end which is not connected to the feeding point, and has a linear shape. The second conductor is formed to branch from the first conductor, includes, as an open end, an end on an opposite side of a point branching from the first conductor, and has a linear shape. At least part of the first conductor and at least part of the second conductor are formed on different planes and include coupling portions electromagnetically coupled to each other.

A directional antenna including a ground plane, a feeding element and a radiating element is provided. The feeding element is adjacent to the ground plane and includes a feeding point. A coupling gap is formed between the radiating element and the feeding element, and the radiating element includes a coupling point. Both the coupling point of the radiating element and the feeding point of the feeding element are at the perpendicular line of a ground plane. Further, a distance between the coupling point and an open end of the radiating element is smaller than 0.16 of a resonant frequency of the directional antenna.