A battery for a vehicle having a fixed battery pack and a replaceable battery pack. The replaceable battery pack has electronic or mechanical locks to semi-temporarily hold the replaceable battery pack in place. The fixed battery pack is held in place via permanent or semi-permanent fasteners such as bolts. A battery controller controls the replaceable battery pack to power motors of the vehicle before controlling the fixed battery pack to power motors of the vehicle.

A battery for a vehicle having a fixed battery pack and a replaceable battery pack. The replaceable battery pack has electronic or mechanical locks to semi-temporarily hold the replaceable battery pack in place. The fixed battery pack is held in place via permanent or semi-permanent fasteners such as bolts. A battery controller controls the replaceable battery pack to power motors of the vehicle before controlling the fixed battery pack to power motors of the vehicle.

A control device includes a control circuit configured to control an inverter circuit that drives a motor by a plurality of switching elements coupled between DC buses, a first power supply system using a voltage source different from the DC buses as a power supply, a second power supply system using the DC buses as a power supply, and a switching circuit configured to switch a power supply system that supplies power to the control circuit from the first power supply system to the second power supply system when an abnormality in the first power supply system is detected. The control circuit continues control of the inverter circuit with a power consumption lower than that before the abnormality is detected in the first power supply system, when the abnormality is detected.

A fuel cell system mounted on a vehicle includes a fuel cell, a fuel cell control unit having a normal mode and a meeting mode in which quietness is given a higher priority than in the normal mode, as a control mode of the fuel cell, a determining unit configured to determine whether there is a request to switch the control mode to the meeting mode, and a mode switch unit configured to switch the control mode to the meeting mode when the determining unit determines that there is a request to switch the control mode to the meeting mode.

A fuel cell system mounted on a vehicle includes a fuel cell, a fuel cell control unit having a normal mode and a meeting mode in which quietness is given a higher priority than in the normal mode, as a control mode of the fuel cell, a determining unit configured to determine whether there is a request to switch the control mode to the meeting mode, and a mode switch unit configured to switch the control mode to the meeting mode when the determining unit determines that there is a request to switch the control mode to the meeting mode.

An actuator in a HVAC system includes a motor and a drive device driven by the motor. The drive device is coupled to a movable HVAC component for driving the movable HVAC component between multiple positions. The actuator includes an input connection configured to receive an input signal and a processing circuit coupled to the motor. The processing circuit is configured to determine whether the input signal is an AC voltage signal or a DC voltage signal. The processing circuit is configured to operate the motor using an AC motor control technique in response to determining that the input signal is an AC voltage signal and configured to operate the motor using a DC motor control technique in response to determining that the input signal is a DC voltage signal.

An actuator in a HVAC system includes a motor and a drive device driven by the motor. The drive device is coupled to a movable HVAC component for driving the movable HVAC component between multiple positions. The actuator includes an input connection configured to receive an input signal and a processing circuit coupled to the motor. The processing circuit is configured to determine whether the input signal is an AC voltage signal or a DC voltage signal. The processing circuit is configured to operate the motor using an AC motor control technique in response to determining that the input signal is an AC voltage signal and configured to operate the motor using a DC motor control technique in response to determining that the input signal is a DC voltage signal.

A control circuit is used for a system including a power storage unit, an electric load, and a power converter electrically connected to the electric load. The control circuit includes an abnormality determination unit, an emergency power supply that generates power based on electricity supplied from the power storage unit, and a protective control unit that, when the abnormality determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred, performs protective control for the system. The emergency power supply includes a power supply control unit configured to be operable based on electricity supplied from the power storage unit. During the period from when the voltage input to the power supply control unit starts increasing based on electricity supplied from the power storage unit, the power supply control unit starts the emergency power supply in response to the input voltage reaching a specified voltage.

An ECU includes a plurality of motor driving circuits for driving at least one motor, a plurality of computers and a plurality of clock circuits. A first computer, which is at a synchronization signal transmission-side, transmits a synchronization signal to a second computer, which is at a synchronization signal reception-side. The first computer and the second computer execute a plurality of specific periodic processes, which are processes executed at cycle periods (for example, 200 μs, 400 μs) of different natural number multiples of a cycle period (for example, 200 μs) of the synchronization signal and need be synchronized. Each timing of the plurality of specific periodic processes is determined based on one synchronization signal.

An ECU includes a plurality of motor driving circuits for driving at least one motor, a plurality of computers and a plurality of clock circuits. A first computer, which is at a synchronization signal transmission-side, transmits a synchronization signal to a second computer, which is at a synchronization signal reception-side. The first computer and the second computer execute a plurality of specific periodic processes, which are processes executed at cycle periods (for example, 200 μs, 400 μs) of different natural number multiples of a cycle period (for example, 200 μs) of the synchronization signal and need be synchronized. Each timing of the plurality of specific periodic processes is determined based on one synchronization signal.