A signal source with a wireless frequency reference. A signal loop includes an amplifier and a coupler. The magnitude of the loop gain in the signal loop is substantially equal to 1 at a steady-state amplitude of a signal at a fundamental frequency. A reference oscillator is coupled to the loop through the coupler, via a wireless link, and provides phase stabilization. The loop may include a nonlinear transmission line, to generate a comb output spectrum.

A signal source with a wireless frequency reference. A signal loop includes an amplifier and a coupler. The magnitude of the loop gain in the signal loop is substantially equal to 1 at a steady-state amplitude of a signal at a fundamental frequency. A reference oscillator is coupled to the loop through the coupler, via a wireless link, and provides phase stabilization. The loop may include a nonlinear transmission line, to generate a comb output spectrum.

A power oscillator using a GaN power amplifier, includes: the GaN power amplifier configured of a gallium nitride (GaN) element to amplify and output power of an input signal; a directional coupler for providing part of an output signal of the GaN power amplifier as a feedback signal; a phase shifter for changing a phase of the feedback signal provided by the directional coupler; and a first isolator for adjusting impedance mismatching generated by the phase shifter and transferring the feedback signal to the GaN power amplifier.

A laser processing system includes redundant actuators positioning a laser spot on a workpiece. The system determines a first trajectory of the first actuator minimizing motion of the first actuator that positions the second actuator such that each point of the reference trajectory is within a range of the second actuator and determines a second trajectory of the second actuator based on a difference between the reference trajectory and the first trajectory. For each axis of control, the system determines an envelope centered on the reference trajectory with a width not greater than the range of the second actuator and determines shortest trajectory traversing the envelope along the time domain to produce the first trajectory. Hence, the first trajectory includes a set of straight segments satisfying the constraints defined by the shape of the envelope. The system includes controllers for control the motion of redundant actuators.

A signal source with a wireless frequency reference. A signal loop includes an amplifier and a coupler. The magnitude of the loop gain in the signal loop is substantially equal to 1 at a steady-state amplitude of a signal at a fundamental frequency. A reference oscillator is coupled to the loop through the coupler, via a wireless link, and provides phase stabilization. The loop may include a nonlinear transmission line, to generate a comb output spectrum.

A system includes a first actuator and a second actuator arranged such that joint motions of the first actuator and the second actuator position a controlled parameter. A trajectory generator determines a first trajectory of the first actuator minimizing the motion of the first actuator that positions the second actuator such that each point of the reference trajectory is within a range of the second actuator. The motion of the first actuator is controlled according to the first trajectory. The trajectory generator determines a second trajectory of the second actuator based on a difference between the reference trajectory and the positions the second actuator with respect to the reference trajectory governed by the first trajectory. The motion of the second actuator is controlled according to the second trajectory.

A system includes a mode-locked laser (MLL) configured to receive a first radio frequency (RF) reference signal, and based on the first RF reference signal, generate an optical frequency comb (OFC). The system further includes a wavelength conversion medium configured to receive the OFC, and based on the OFC, generate at least one photonic reference signal. The system further includes a transfer oscillator (TO) circuit configured to receive the OFC and the at least one photonic reference signal, and generate the first RF reference signal based on the OFC and the at least one photonic reference signal.