An electronic pen includes a signal generator, a power supply, and a resonance circuit. The signal generator is configured to generate a signal. The power supply is configured to supply power to the signal generator. The resonance circuit is configured to generate a current based on the signal and emit a magnetic field based on the current.

A method of designing a microwave filter using a computerized filter optimizer, comprises generating a filter circuit design in process (DIP) comprising a plurality of circuit elements having a plurality of resonant elements and one or more non-resonant elements, optimizing the DIP by inputting the DIP into the computerized filter optimizer, determining that one of the plurality of circuit elements in the DIP is insignificant, removing the one insignificant circuit element from the DIP, deriving a final filter circuit design from the DIP, and manufacturing the microwave filter based on the final filter circuit design.

A N-path filter includes a plurality of switch-capacitor circuits controlled by a plurality of logical signals, respectively, and joined at a common shunt node, each of said switch-capacitor circuit comprising: a respective switch configured to controllably connect the common shunt node to a respective middle node in accordance with a respective logical signals among said plurality of logical signals; and a respective balanced MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) capacitor connected to the respective middle node, wherein the respective balanced MOS capacitor exhibits a capacitance at the respective middle node with reference to a power supply node and a ground node.

A method includes depositing a first metal layer on a semiconductor substrate; etching the first metal layer to form a first electrode having a first lead; depositing a piezoelectric layer on the semiconductor substrate and first electrode; etching the piezoelectric layer to a shape of the gyrator to be formed within the circulator; depositing a second metal layer on the piezoelectric layer; etching the second metal layer to form a second electrode having a second lead, the second electrode being positioned opposite the first electrode, wherein the first lead and the second lead form an electrical port; depositing a magnetostrictive layer on the second electrode; etching the magnetostrictive layer to approximately the shape of the piezoelectric layer; depositing a third metal layer on the magnetostrictive layer; and etching the third metal layer to form a metal coil that has a gap on one side to define a magnetic port.

An impedance adjustment device includes a variable capacitor unit. A microcomputer changes the capacitance value of the variable capacitor unit by switching PIN diodes included in n capacitor circuits on or off separately. Thus, the impedance on the plasma generator side when viewed from a high frequency power supply is adjusted. When changing the capacitance value of the variable capacitor unit to a target capacitance value, the microcomputer changes the capacitance value. When a predetermined period passes after the change of the capacitance value, the microcomputer changes the capacitance value again.

An active feedback RF resonator has a signal loop having a signal input and a signal output. The signal loop has a variable gain stage and at least one variable resonator, each variable resonator comprising an inductance element and a variable capacitance element comprising a number of switched fixed value capacitors and a variable capacitor. A phase noise of the active feedback RF signal has a maximum value for an operating frequency of the variable resonator that is based on an operating range of the variable capacitor.

An active feedback RF resonator has a signal loop having a signal input and a signal output. The signal loop has a variable gain stage and at least one variable resonator, each variable resonator comprising an inductance element and a variable capacitance element comprising a number of switched fixed value capacitors and a variable capacitor. A phase noise of the active feedback RF signal has a maximum value for an operating frequency of the variable resonator that is based on an operating range of the variable capacitor.

An electronic device, including a substrate and multiple modulation units, is provided. The modulation units are disposed on the substrate. Each modulation unit includes a first electronic element, a second electronic element, a first signal line, a second signal line, and a third signal line. The first signal line provides a first voltage to the first electronic element. The second signal line provides a second voltage to the second electronic element. The third signal line provides a third voltage to the first electronic element and/or the second electronic element. The first voltage is different from the second voltage, and the third voltage is different from the first voltage and/or the second voltage.

An electronic device, including a substrate and multiple modulation units, is provided. The modulation units are disposed on the substrate. Each modulation unit includes a first electronic element, a second electronic element, a first signal line, a second signal line, and a third signal line. The first signal line provides a first voltage to the first electronic element. The second signal line provides a second voltage to the second electronic element. The third signal line provides a third voltage to the first electronic element and/or the second electronic element. The first voltage is different from the second voltage, and the third voltage is different from the first voltage and/or the second voltage.

An electronic pen includes a signal generator, a power supply, and a resonance circuit. The signal generator is configured to generate a signal. The power supply is configured to supply power to the signal generator. The resonance circuit is configured to generate a current based on the signal and emit a magnetic field based on the current.