An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode having a first inner surface; a second electrode having a second inner surface, the second inner surface facing the first inner surface; a nanostructured material positioned on at least one of the first inner surface and second inner surface; and an ionic liquid positioned between the first inner surface and the second inner surface, the ionic liquid being in electrical communication with the first electrode and second electrode.

The thermoelectric module includes a first thermoelectric element including a first thermoelectric conversion layer and a first electrolyte layer stacked in order along a stacked direction, a second thermoelectric element including a second electrolyte layer and a second thermoelectric conversion layer stacked in order along the stacked direction, and a first current collector located between the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element in the stacked direction.

The thermoelectric module includes a first thermoelectric element including a first thermoelectric conversion layer and a first electrolyte layer stacked each other along a stacked direction, a second thermoelectric element stacking the first thermoelectric element in the stacked direction and including a second thermoelectric conversion layer and a second electrolyte layer stacked each other along the stacked direction, a first current collector located on a side of one edge in the stacked direction, a second current collector located on a side of another edge in the stacked direction, and an electron transmission layer located between the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element in the stacked direction.

The thermoelectric module includes a flexible base, a first current collector located on the flexible base, a first thermoelectric element located on the first current collector, the first thermoelectric element including a first thermoelectric conversion layer and a first electrolyte layer stacked in order along a stacked direction of the flexible base and the first current collector, and a second current collector located on the first thermoelectric element.

Provided is a novel thermoelectric conversion element with which the thermoelectric power generated in a direction orthogonal to both a temperature gradient and the magnetization can be increased without changing the thermoelectric conversion characteristic of a magnetic material. The present invention is provided with: thermoelectric layer 10 comprising a thermoelectric material exhibiting the Seebeck effect; magnetic body layer 20 stacked on thermoelectric layer 10, said magnetic body layer 20 being conductive and the magnetization or an external magnetic field thereof being oriented in the thickness direction of magnetic body layer 20; low-temperature-side conductor part 44 connecting low-temperature-side end portion 12 of thermoelectric layer 10 and low-temperature-side end portion 22 of magnetic body layer 20; high-temperature-side conductor part 42 connecting high-temperature-side end portion 14 of thermoelectric layer 10 and high-temperature-side end portion 24 of magnetic body layer 20; and output terminals (26a, 26b) for extracting a potential generated in the vector product direction of temperature gradient direction (∇T) of thermoelectric layer 10 and magnetization direction (M) of magnetic body layer 20.

A power generation element includes: a substrate including mutually opposed first and second principal surfaces; an electrode portion provided on the first principal surface and the second principal surface, the electrode portion including a first electrode portion and a second electrode portion; and an intermediate portion including nanoparticles. The substrate includes a first substrate portion and a second substrate portion that are mutually overlapped viewed in a first direction. The first principal surface of the first substrate portion includes a first separated surface and a first joint surface. The second principal surface of the second substrate portion includes a second separated surface and a second joint surface.

To increase thermoelectromotive voltage of a thermoelectric conversion element with a magnetization direction, a temperature gradient direction, and an electromotive force direction orthogonal to each other. A thermoelectric conversion element 1 is formed by annularly winding a thermoelectric material which is radially magnetized and circumferentially generates an electromotive force in accordance with a temperature gradient in the axial direction thereof. Thus, the thermoelectric material is wound not linearly but annularly, so that a connection line for connecting a plurality of thermoelectric materials is not necessary. In particular, when the thermoelectric material is wound in a plurality of turns, the length per unit area of the thermoelectric material in the direction of the electromotive force can be significantly increased, making it possible to significantly increase thermoelectromotive voltage while suppressing increase in the size of the element.

Provided is a power generation element that allows improvement of an output voltage, a power generation device, an electronic apparatus, and a manufacturing method for the power generation element. The power generation element includes a plurality of laminated bodies 1 laminated in a first direction. The plurality of laminated bodies 1 include a first electrode portion 10 that has a first main surface 11a and a second main surface 11b opposed to the first main surface 11a in the first direction and includes a substrate 11 having a conductive property, a second electrode 22 that is provided to be in contact with the first main surface 11a and has a work function different from a work function of the substrate 11, and an intermediate portion 14 that is provided on the second main surface 11b side and includes nanoparticles.

To obtain a high thermoelectromotive voltage with a simple structure in a thermoelectric conversion element with a magnetization direction, a temperature gradient direction, and an electromotive force direction mutually orthogonal. A thermoelectric conversion element 1 includes a tape-like member 10 including an insulating film and a thermoelectric material layer formed on the surface of the insulating film and having a magnetization direction, a temperature gradient direction, and an electromotive force direction which are mutually orthogonal and a pair of terminal electrodes E1 and E2 connected to the thermoelectric material layer at positions different in the longitudinal direction thereof. The tape-like member 10 is wound with the longitudinal direction thereof directed to the circumferential direction, and the thermoelectric material layer is radially magnetized. Thus, the radially magnetized tape-like thermoelectric material layer is circumferentially wound, so that a thermoelectromotive voltage can be generated in accordance with a temperature gradient in the axial direction. In addition, the electromotive force occurs circumferentially, making the structure of the tape-like member simple.

The invention relates to a method for cyclical operation of a thermoelectric cell arrangement by periodically changing the temperature of the thermoelectric cell arrangement, wherein the thermoelectric cell arrangement is thermally coupled to a cyclically operated absorption heat pump. The following method steps are carried out cyclically: thermally coupling the thermoelectric cell arrangement during a cooling phase to a cold side of the absorption heat pump, thermally coupling the thermoelectric cell arrangement during a heating phase to a hot side of the absorption heat pump. The invention also relates to a harvester device for generating electrical energy by means of a thermoelectric cell arrangement, wherein the thermoelectric cell arrangement is thermally coupled to an absorption heat pump, wherein the thermal coupling makes it possible to effect, in time with the working cycle of the absorption heat pump, a temperature change in the thermoelectric cell arrangement.