The present invention relates to a nucleic acid construct comprising first, second and third nucleic acid sequences encoding first, second and third neuraminidase (NA) antigens of a Swine influenza A virus (IAV-S). The first NA antigen is of the A/swine/Scotland/410440/1994-like H1.sub.huN2 (Scot/94) lineage, the second NA antigen is of the A/swine/Gent/1/1984-like H3N2 (Gent/84) lineage, and the third NA antigen is selected from the A(H1N1)pdm09 (pdm09) lineage or the Eurasian avian-like H1.sub.avN1 (EA) lineage. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to RNA replicon particles comprising the nucleic acid construct, an immunogenic composition, such as a vaccine, which may be used against influenza A virus infection, and comprising the replicon particles.

Microparticle formulations of a sialidase fusion protein are produced by contacting an aqueous solution of a protein or other active agent with an organic solvent, a counterion and a scavenging agent, and chilling the solution. The microparticles are useful for preparing stable, uniform pharmaceuticals of predetermined defined dimensions.

A mixture of human milk oligosaccharides that consists essentially of 3′-O-sialyllactose, a component A which is either 3-O-fucosyllactose or lacto-N-tetraose, a component B which is 3-0-fucosyl-3′-O-sialyllactose when component A is 3-O-fucosyllactose and sialyllacto-N-tetraose a, when component A is lacto-N-tetraose and optionally lactose as a fourth component. The mixtures are made by treating 3′-O-sialyllactose and component A with an α2,3-transsialidase. The mixtures are for use in anti-bacterial and anti-viral compositions, and for promoting the development of Bifidobacterium and Barnesiella.

Described is a composition comprising a peptide which consists of 7-17 adjacent amino acids and comprises the hexamer TX.sub.1EX.sub.2X.sub.3E, where X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 can be any natural or non-natural amino acid, and the peptide is cyclized and does not exhibit TNF receptor binding activity, and an inhibitor of viral neuraminidase.

Engineered Influenza polynucleotides, viruses, vaccines, and methods of making and using the same are provided. More specifically, the present inventors have developed replication competent engineered influenza viruses having, for example, a modified segment 4 and/or segment 6 that include at least one additional polynucleotide encoding a heterologous polypeptide.

The present invention relates to a nucleic acid construct, a recombinant multiply-defective influenza virus, that promotes expression of an immunomodulatory protein in a host. This is applicable to the development of vaccines against infectious diseases, particularly those caused by influenza virus and Coronavirus.

Disclosed are viruses, and vaccines comprised of and made from such viruses, that include a heterologous nucleic acid segment encoding α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α-1,3-GT) such that the nucleic acid segment expresses α-1,3-GT when the virus infects a host cell. Such viruses produce proteins having α-1,3-galactose. The presence of α-1,3-galactose on proteins of infected cells can powerfully stimulate the immune response of the host against the viral proteins of the virus, thus enhancing the effect of the virus as a vaccine. Also disclosed are vaccines that include and/or are produced by such viruses. Also disclosed are methods of making and using such viruses and vaccines, such as administering to a subject in need thereof a vaccine as disclosed and such as making a vaccine that includes one or more viral proteins expressed by a virus as disclosed.

The present invention provides methods for enhancing T cell activation and expansion, and methods for stimulating a T cell immune response in a subject. The methods of the invention involve the use of a targeting agent-enzyme conjugate that contains (a) a targeting moiety that specifically binds a cell surface molecule on T cells, and (b) a sialidase or enzymatically active fragment thereof. Also provided in the invention are targeting agent-enzyme conjugates that can be used in the therapeutic methods, including antibody conjugates that are formed of a sialidase and a T cell targeting antibody (e.g., an anti-PD1 antibody).

Provided are conjugates including a targeting moiety that binds to a cell surface molecule of a target cell and a target cell surface-editing enzyme. Also provided are compositions and kits that include the conjugates, as well as methods of using the conjugates. Methods of making conjugates are also provided.

The present disclosure provides, in one aspect, an azide-inducible system for controlled gene expression in E. coli. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a high throughput screening method for the identification of new glycosynthases (e.g., mutant glycosyl hydrolases) with enhanced activity and unique substrate specificity.