Botulinum toxin for use in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a patient in need thereof is provided. The treatment comprises administering botulinum toxin to the patient. The botulinum toxin may be administered by subcutaneous or intradermal injection. The subcutaneous or intradermal injection may be administered to and/or around the vicinity of a trigeminal nerve, a cervical nerve, a thoracic nerve, a lumbar nerve, and/or a sacral nerve of the patient.

Botulinum toxin for use in treating cirrhosis in a patient in need thereof is provided. The treatment comprises administering botulinum toxin to the patient. The botulinum toxin may be administered by subcutaneous or intradermal injection. The subcutaneous or intradermal injection may be administered to and/or around the vicinity of a trigeminal nerve, a cervical nerve, a thoracic nerve, a lumbar nerve, a sacral nerve, or a combination thereof of the patient.

Botulinum toxin for use in treating arrhythmia in a patient in need thereof is provided. The treatment comprises administering botulinum toxin to the patient. Botulinum toxin may be administered by subcutaneous or intradermal injection. The subcutaneous or intradermal injection may be administered to and/or around the vicinity of a trigeminal nerve, a cervical nerve, a thoracic nerve, a lumbar nerve, and/or a sacral nerve of the patient.

A method of treating a patient suffering from vasopressor-induced digital ischemia of a hand, finger or thumb comprises providing Botulinum toxin; and injecting the Botulinum toxin in close proximity to one or more blood vessels that supply blood to the hand, finger or thumb, including and not limited to the palmar arch, ulnar and radial arteries. A method of treating a patient suffering from vasopressor-induced digital ischemia of the hand, finger(s), or thumb comprises providing Botulinum toxin; and injecting the Botulinum toxin in close proximity to one or more blood vessels that supply blood to the hand. A method of treating a patient suffering from vasopressor-induced digital ischemia of a foot comprises providing Botulinum toxin; and injecting the Botulinum toxin in close proximity to one or more blood vessels that supply blood to the toe(s) and foot, including and not limited to the plantar arch, anterior tibial/dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries.

The invention relates to the use of an animal-protein-free botulinum toxin composition to treat a disease, disorder or condition in a patient in need thereof whereby the animal-protein-free botulinum toxin composition exhibits a longer lasting effect in the patient compared to an animal-protein-containing botulinum toxin composition.

Rapid, animal protein free, chromatographic processes and systems for obtaining high potency, high yield botulinum neurotoxin for research, therapeutic and cosmetic use.

A method for making a population of cells that are highly sensitive to clostridial neurotoxin, the method comprising: (a) contacting recombinant cells that express an indicator protein with clostridial neurotoxin; and (b) following such contact, selecting the cells that exhibit cleavage of the indicator protein. A cell from the population produced using the aforementioned method. An assay for determining the activity of a modified or recombinant neurotoxin comprising contacting such a cell with the modified or recombinant neurotoxin under conditions and for a period of time sufficient to allow the protease domain of a wild-type clostridial neurotoxin to cleave the indicator protein in the cell and determining the presence of product resulting from the cleavage of the indicator protein.

Pharmaceutical compositions that extend the effect and duration of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient are described. The compositions can be liquid or solid compositions, and comprise a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid or salt thereof as described in the application, a surfactant and an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise a surfactant selected from a poloxamer and a polysorbate; an antioxidant selected from methionine. N-acetyl cysteine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and combinations thereof, and, optionally, a tonicity agent and/or a lyoprotector selected from, for example, trehalose, sucrose.

Methods and systems for chromatographically purifying a botulinum neurotoxin are provided. These methods and systems allow for efficient purification of a non-complexed form of the botulinum neurotoxin in high purity and yield that can be used as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical preparations.

Described herein are recombinant Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins comprising a light chain of a Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin, wherein the light chain comprises a mutation that causes minimal structural interference to the light chain protease; a heavy chain of a Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin, wherein the light and heavy chains are linked by a disulfide bond. The recombinant Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin has a 2-20 fold reduced toxicity compared to wild type Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. Also described is a treatment method.