The invention relates to modulation of SIRT3 activity levels. The invention has applications for regulating metabolism and mimicking caloric restriction or exercise in a muscle cell.

This disclosure demonstrates that inhibition of Sirt5 can suppress malignant transformation of cells. Therefore, methods of treating cancer based on inhibition of Sirt5 are disclosed.

The present disclosure provides compositions with a modulating gene expression and methods for modulating transcription.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of inducing rejuvenation in a population of adult glial progenitor cells, and methods of treating a subject having a myelin deficiency. The method of inducing rejuvenation in a population of adult glial progenitor cells may comprise administering, to the population of adult glial progenitor cells, an effective amount of an agent that suppresses one or more transcription factors selected from the group consisting of (i) zinc finger protein 274 (ZNF274), (ii) Myc-associated factor X (MAX), (iii) E2F transcription factor 6 (E2F6), (iv) zinc finger protein Aiolos (IKZF3), and (v) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).

Methods and materials for identifying and treating mammals (e.g., humans) having multiple myeloma (MM) are provided herein. For example, this document provides methods and materials that can be used to identify and treat mammals having advanced stage MM, and/or having MVI that is resistant to treatment with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and/or proteasome inhibitors (PIs).

The present invention relates to Compounds of Formula I and Ia and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrug thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, A and B are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising at least one compound of Formula I or Ia, and methods of using the compounds of Formula I or Ia for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject. ##STR00001##

This disclosure demonstrates that inhibition of Sirt5 can suppress malignant transformation of cells. Therefore, methods of treating cancer based on inhibition of Sirt5 are disclosed.

A host cell for protein expression having a lower expression level of a gene, as compared to a wild-type cell, wherein the gene is selected from HDAC8, Dab2, Caspase3, Sys1, Ergic3, Grasp, Trim 23, or a combination thereof. The host cells are CHO cells. The lower expression level of the gene results from RNA interference, which may be achieved by transfecting a vector that contains an shRNA targeting the gene.

The present disclosure provides a model of human fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) cells maintained as a transplantable tumor line in a host and a method to establish a transplantable human FL-HCC tumor line. Methods of ex vivo cultures of the FL-HCC are provided. Methods of diagnosing and treating FL-HCC tumors are also provided.

The present invention includes a method of treating and/or preventing metabolic syndrome in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition that inhibits HDAC11 expression and/or activity, or induces HDAC11 degradation, in the subject.