Provided herein are compositions that include proteins that include a mitochondrial localization amino acid sequence attached to a base editor fusion protein including a nucleotide base-modifying enzyme and an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme with modified endonuclease activity. Provided herein are nucleic acids encoding the proteins and vectors including the nucleic acids. Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions including the compositions, proteins, nucleic acid and vectors. Provided herein are related methods for modifying mitochondrial DNA and treating mitochondrial disorders.

The present invention provides an engineered cell, such as a T-cell, which expresses a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or an engineered T-cell receptor (TCR) and one or more enzymes which, when secreted or expressed at the cell surface causes depletion of a molecule extracellular to the engineered cell; wherein said molecule is selected from: an amino acid; a nucleotide or nucleoside; or a lipid.

The present disclosure describes reproducible methods for the Agrobacterium-mediated production of stable, genetically transformed, fertile tarwi plants (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) having seed-specific expression of human adenosine deaminase enzyme (hADA) or a functional variant thereof. The method involves slicing a tarwi seed embryo to produce an explant; infecting the explant in co-cultivation medium containing an agrobacterium having a polynucleotide sequence encoding hADA or variant; thereby generating a transformed explant; elongating a transformed shoot from the transformed explant; and regenerating a transformed tarwi plant from the elongated shoot. Seeds and plants so formed are also described herein. Further, methods for the recovery and purification of recombinant hADA, or functional variant from a transformed tarwi plant are described.

Disclosed are new approaches to detecting adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. There is provided a method of determining ADA activity, comprising: dividing a sample obtained from blood into two portions, adding an ADA inhibitor to one portion, measuring levels of ADA activity in both portions, and determining the ADA activity. Also provided is a method of measuring ADA substrate, comprising: measuring an ADA substrate in a sample obtained from blood of subject, and comparing this to at least one control sample obtained from blood and comprising an ADA inhibitor, and a known quantity of the ADA substrate. Multiplexed methods of measuring ADA enzymatic activity along with other metabolic markers are also provided. The methods are particularly useful for the analysis of samples obtained from dried blood spots (DBSs), and may be incorporated into existing newborn screening programs. Associated diagnostic methods, control samples, and apparatuses are also disclosed.

Some aspects of this disclosure provide strategies, systems, reagents, methods, and kits that are useful for engineering Cas9 and Cas9 variants that have increased activity on target sequences that do not contain the canonical PAM sequence (e.g., NGG). In some embodiments, fusion proteins comprising such Cas9 variants and nucleic acid editing domains, e.g., deaminase domains, are provided.

Methods and products (e.g., guide RNAs or pegRNA and recombinant proteins) are described for decreasing amyloidogenic Aβ peptide levels produced by a cell, or the aggregation of the Aβ peptide, as well as uses of such methods and products, for example for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and/or age-related cognitive decline in a subject in need thereof.

The present disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a non-naturally occurring fusion molecule and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, formulated for oral delivery to a subject, and designed to provide for improved, effective therapies for treatment of, e.g., inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and growth deficiency disorders. The present disclosure relates to a non-toxic mutant form of the Vibrio cholera Cholix gene (ntCholix), a variant of Cholix truncated at amino acid A.sup.386 (Cholix.sup.386) and the use of other various Cholix-derived polypeptide sequences to enhance intestinal delivery of biologically-active therapeutics. The systems and methods described herein provide for: the ability to deliver macromolecule doses without injections; the ability to deliver cargo such as siRNA or antisense molecules into intracellular compartments where their activity is required; and the delivery of nanoparticles and dendrimer-based carriers across biological membranes.

The present disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a non-naturally occurring fusion molecule and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, formulated for oral delivery to a subject, and designed to provide for improved, effective therapies for treatment of, e.g., inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and growth deficiency disorders. The present disclosure relates to a non-toxic mutant form of the Vibrio cholera Cholix gene (ntCholix), a variant of Cholix truncated at amino acid A.sup.386 (Cholix.sup.386) and the use of other various Cholix-derived polypeptide sequences to enhance intestinal delivery of biologically-active therapeutics. The systems and methods described herein provide for: the ability to deliver macromolecule doses without injections; the ability to deliver cargo such as siRNA or antisense molecules into intracellular compartments where their activity is required; and the delivery of nanoparticles and dendrimer-based carriers across biological membranes.

The invention features compositions and methods for altering mutations associated with Rett Syndrome (RTT). Provided herein are compositions and methods of using base editors comprising a polynucleotide programmable nucleotide binding domain and a nucleobase editing domain in conjunction with a guide polynucleotide. Also provided herein are base editor systems for editing nucleobases of target nucleotide sequences.

The present application provides systems, methods and compositions used for targeted gene modification, targeted insertion, perturbation of gene transcripts, and nucleic acid editing. Novel nucleic acid targeting systems comprise components of Type VII Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems and transposable elements.