The present invention relates to epitopes containing homocitrulline (Hcit) that can be used as targets for cancer immunotherapy. The homocitrullinated T cell epitope has (i) a predicted binding score to MHC class II or class I of <30 using the online IEDB prediction program (http://www.iedb.org/) and (ii) at least 5 consecutive amino acids that form a spiral conformational structure. These modified peptides can be used as vaccines or as targets for T cell receptor (TCR) and adoptive T cell transfer therapies.