This disclosure relates to aldolase, an aldolase mutant, and a method and a composition for producing tagatose by using the same. The feature of the disclosure is environment-friendly due to the use of an enzyme acquired from microorganisms, requires only a simple process of enzyme immobilization, uses a low-cost substrate in a substrate compared with a conventional method for producing tagatose and has a remarkably high yield, thereby greatly reducing production costs and maximizing production effects.

There are provided aldolase, an aldolase mutant, a method for producing tagatose, and a composition for producing tagatose using the same. The technical feature of the present invention is environment-friendly due to the use of an enzyme acquired from microorganisms, requires only a simple process of enzyme-immobilization, uses a low-cost substrate compared with that of a conventional method for producing tagatose, and has a remarkably high yield, thereby greatly reducing production cost while maximizing production effect.

The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and one or more three-carbon compounds such as acetone, isopropanol or propene. The MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds described herein are useful as starting material for production of other compounds or as end products for industrial and household use. The application further relates to recombinant microorganisms co-expressing a C2 branch pathway and a C3 branch pathway for the production of MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds. Also provided are methods of producing MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or optionally the products MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds.

Provided is a vector capable of co-expressing two different target proteins on the microbial surface using two promoters derived from Lactobacillus, and a method of expressing target proteins on the microbial surface using the vector. The vector containing foreign genes inserted therein is transformed into a microorganism, and allows different foreign proteins to be stably expressed on the surface of the microorganism. Furthermore, provided is a surface expression vector containing the gene pgsA encoding a poly-gamma-glutamate synthetase complex, and a method of expressing a target protein on the microbial surface using the vector. The vector containing foreign genes inserted therein is transformed into a microorganism, and allows the foreign proteins to be stably expressed on the surface of the microorganism.

The present disclosure relates, in some aspects, to cell-free methods and systems for large-scale conversion of methane to isobutanol, comprising combining, in a bioreactor at elevated pressure, methane, oxygen, and cell lysates containing methane monooxygenase, methanol dehydrogenase, and enzymes that catalyze the conversion of formaldehyde to isobutanol, to form a cell-free reaction mixture, and incubating under suitable conditions the cell-free reaction to convert methane to isobutanol.

An immune cell that is genetically engineered to express an exogenous alternative carbon source (ACS) metabolism gene, in which the ACS is not glucose and wherein the ability of the immune cell to metabolise the ACS is increased due to expression of the exogenous ACS metabolism gene. Also provided are polynucleotides, vectors, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of genetically engineering the immune cell and methods of use in therapy.

Some aspects provide engineered microbes for glycolate production. Methods for microbe engineering and culturing are also provided herein. Such engineered microbes exhibit greatly enhanced capabilities for glycolate production.

The present disclosure relates, in some aspects, to cell-free methods and systems for large-scale conversion of methane to isobutanol, comprising combining, in a bioreactor at elevated pressure, methane, oxygen, and cell lysates containing methane monooxygenase, methanol dehydrogenase, and enzymes that catalyze the conversion of formaldehyde to isobutanol, to form a cell-free reaction mixture, and incubating under suitable conditions the cell-free reaction to convert methane to isobutanol.

Quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets (NPLs) are two types of nanoparticles used as scaffolds for enzymes operating in enzymatic cascades. Combinations of QDs and NPLs were surprisingly found to operate synergistically to create a greater enhancement than either alone when operating as scaffolds for enzymatic cascade reactions. A process involves providing an enzymatic cascade including a cluster of nanoparticles including both QDs and NPLs and having a plurality of enzymes bound thereto, the enzymes configured as an enzymatic cascade, such that the product of a first enzyme is a substrate of a second enzyme; contacting the cascade cluster with a substrate of the first enzyme; and allowing a reaction to proceed so that each of the plurality of enzymes acts in succession to produce an end product. The enzymes are bound to the nanoparticles via metal affinity coordination between histidine tags on the enzymes and zinc-containing surfaces of the nanoparticles.

Disclosed are an engineered yeast for efficient and rapid synthesis of erythritol and a construction method thereof. Yarrowia lipolytica is used as a synthetic chassis for genetic improvement. A method for synthesizing erythritol is as follows: using glucose as a carbon source, and a nitrogen source and an inorganic salt as raw materials, sterilizing a medium, cooling the sterilized medium before inoculating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, performing continuous fermentation or fed-batch fermentation under the condition of oxygen supply, and purifying erythritol from a fermentation broth. Under the condition of continuous feeding, the yield of erythritol is more than 350 g/L, and the production efficiency is more than 4.5 g/L.Math.h, nearly 100% higher than that of a comparative strain.