The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising membrane vesicles, including extracellular vesicles including those referred to as exosomes, loaded with an exogenous Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitor. Methods of treating neurological diseases, disorders or conditions using the extracellular vesicles are provided. Isolated extracellular vesicles loaded with an exogenous Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitor are provided as well.

There is provided a package wherein a pharmaceutical composition containing a saccharide-degrading enzyme is contained in a container, whereby reduction in titer caused by a low amount of enzyme is suppressed. A package comprising a pharmaceutical composition and a container, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a lyophilized preparation containing a saccharide-degrading enzyme as an active ingredient, and the container contains the pharmaceutical composition, the inner surface of the container comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of fine ceramics, silicone resins and fluorine resins.

There are provided a pharmaceutical composition containing a lyophilized saccharide-degrading enzyme having excellent titer, and a package containing the pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition is a unit dose formulation containing a lyophilized saccharide-degrading enzyme with a titer of not less than 0.3 unit/g as an active ingredient, and containing the saccharide-degrading enzyme in an amount of not less than 2 g and not more than 8 g.

The present invention provides a therapeutic agent for disc herniation, which has extremely few adverse side effects, can achieve a prolonged pain-ameliorating effect when administered in only a single dose, and can exhibit a high therapeutic effect and high safety in clinical applications. The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for disc herniation, which is characterized by containing chondroitinase ABC as an active ingredient and being administered in such a manner that the ingredient can be administered into a human disk in an amount of 1-8 units per disk.

Disclosed herein are methods of delivering an agent to a subject. Further disclosed herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder in a subject. The methods may include administering to the subject a chondroitinase polypeptide or a polynucleotide encoding a chondroitinase polypeptide in an amount sufficient to degrade glycosaminoglycans, and administering to the subject the agent. The methods may further include administering a hyaluronidase polypeptide or a polynucleotide encoding a hyaluronidase.

The present invention provides a therapeutic agent for disc herniation, which has extremely few adverse side effects, can achieve a prolonged pain-ameliorating effect when administered in only a single dose, and can exhibit a high therapeutic effect and high safety in clinical applications. The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for disc herniation, which is characterized by containing chondroitinase ABC as an active ingredient and being administered in such a manner that the ingredient can be administered into a human disk in an amount of 1-8 units per disk.

One aspect of the present invention relates to mutants of chondroitinase ABCI. Such chondroitinase ABCI mutants exhibit altered chondroitin lyase activity or increased resistance to inactivation from stressors including exposure to UV light or heat. Methods of using chondroitinase ABCI mutant enzymes are also provided.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating and preventing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a peptide that disrupts the binding between PTP and APP, preventing -amyloidogenic processing of APP without affecting other major substrates of - and -secretases. Alternatively, in some embodiments, an antibody or a fragment of an antibody against PTP or APP may be used to disrupt the binding between PTP and APP. In some embodiments, the composition comprises compounds or enzymes, which restore perineuronal balance of PTP ligands CS and HS, thereby preventing abnormally increased -amyloidogenic processing of APP. Compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used in combination to treat and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

The present invention provides a therapeutic agent for disc herniation, which has extremely few adverse side effects, can achieve a prolonged pain-ameliorating effect when administered in only a single dose, and can exhibit a high therapeutic effect and high safety in clinical applications. The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for disc herniation, which is characterized by containing chondroitinase ABC as an active ingredient and being administered in such a manner that the ingredient can be administered into a human disk in an amount of 1-8 units per disk.

The present invention provides a method for purifying Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). The present method includes using a heparin-immobilized affinity chromatography column, and through chromatography method obtaining a purified ChABC from a matrix containing the ChABC. The present method is capable of obtaining ChABC in high purity with the advantages of simplicity in preparation and high yield.