The present invention relates to a composition for treatment or prevention of infectious inflammatory diseases comprising tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase as an active ingredient, and a composition for immune enhancement. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treatment or prevention of infectious inflammatory diseasess comprising tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase as an active ingredient, a food composition for preventing or improving, a veterinary composition for preventing or treating, and a composition for immune enhancement comprising a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase as an active ingredient, respectively.

The composition of the present invention can be effectively used for preventing or treating diseases of humans and animals caused by infection from bacteria, viruses or fungi and the like by inhibiting infections such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections at an early stage particularly through activating innate immune response.

Methods and compositions are described for selecting and identifying orthogonal aminoacyl synthetase-tRNA pairs and their use to incorporate unnatural amino acids in a site-specific manner in proteins. Specifically described is a novel E. coli tyrptophanyl synthetase-tRNA pair that functions as both an opal and amber suppressor and that incorporates tryptophan analogs into proteins.

The present invention provides aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and Fc region conjugate polypeptides (DRS-Fc conjugates), such as DRS-Fc fusion proteins, compositions comprising the same, and methods of using such conjugates and compositions for treating or diagnosing a variety of conditions. The DRS-Fc conjugates of the invention have improved controlled release properties, stability, half-life, and other pharmacokinetic and biological properties relative to corresponding, unmodified DRS polypeptides.

The present invention provides methods and agents for modulating WARS2 expression, WARS2 activity, or a combination thereof, thereby modulating angiogenesis. Also provided herein are methods for identifying individuals who could benefit from agents that modulate WARS2 expression, WARS2 activity, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein is a cell-free and aaRS-free protein translation systems, and uses thereof in the production of proteins and active enzymes.