The present invention relates to nanoparticles comprising aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and an anticancer composition comprising the same and, specifically, to nanoparticles which comprise glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GRS), leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS), and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IRS), and have anticancer or immunostimulating activity; a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer, comprising the nanoparticles as an active ingredient; a composition for immunostimulation; and a method for preparing the nanoparticles.

The present invention relates to peptidomimetics of a short peptide from leucyl-tRNA synthetase, compositions comprising one or more of said peptidomimetics and their use for the treatment of syndromes caused by mutations of mt-tRNA (mitochondrial transfer RNA) genes, and medical treatments of said syndromes comprising the administration of said one or more peptidomimetics or compositions comprising the same.