A yeast cell with reduced pyruvate to oxaloacetate conversion activity, and a method of producing lactate using the yeast cell.

The present invention provides for a method to increase production of isoprenol by a genetically modified Pseudomonas cell, the method comprising: (a) providing a genetically modified Pseudomonas cell comprising one or more of heterologous genes encoding: MvaE, AtoB, MvaS, MK, PMD.sub.HKQ, AphA, and PhoA; and (b) culturing or growing the genetically modified Pseudomonas cell in a medium to produce isoprenol; wherein (i) the genetically modified Pseudomonas cell is deleted, knocked out, or reduced in expression of one or more of the following endogenous genes: a gene at PP_2675 locus (or a deletion of the PP_2675 locus), phaABC, mvaB, hbdH, ldhA, gntZ, ppsA, pycAB, gltA, and aceA, and/or (ii) the medium comprises one or more amino acids that reduce the catabolism of isoprenol.

Provided are methods for producing polysaccharides in bacteria by expressing in a bacterium one or more coding sequences selected from the group consisting of a pglF dehydrogenase coding sequence, a wbpP UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine C4 epimerase coding sequence, a wcfR aminotransferase coding sequence, and a wcfS phospho-glycosyltransferase coding sequence, a wcfQ glycosyltransferase coding sequence, a wcfO pyruvyltransferase coding sequence, a wcfP glycosyltransferase coding sequence, a wcfM UDP-galactopyranose mutase coding sequence, a wcfN glycosyltransferase coding sequence, a wza polysaccharide export protein coding sequence, a wzx fippase coding sequence, a wzy polymerase coding sequence, and a wzz coding sequence, wherein at least one of the coding sequences is heterologous to the bacterium. Also provided are expression cassettes with one or more of the disclosed coding sequences, recombinant bacteria that harbor one or more of the expression cassettes, and methods for producing immunogenic compositions using the polysaccharides produced by the recombinant bacteria.

A fungal cell capable of producing high levels of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived products comprises at least one modification to the endogenous fatty acid metabolism.

The present invention provides a class of new mutant proteins for increasing malic acid yield. Specifically, the present invention provides a class of new pyruvate carboxylase mutant protein and malic acid transporter mutant proteins or combinations thereof, a preparation method therefor and use thereof in improving malic acid yield.

The present invention relates to a recombinant microbial cell for producing at least one compound having structural Formula III from at least one simple carbon source:

##STR00001## wherein the simple carbon source is selected from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glycerol; and wherein the cell comprises a further genetic modification to increase production of L-lysine in the cell from at least one of the simple carbon sources.

A yeast cell for the production of fatty acids and/or fatty acid-derived products is genetically modified for overexpression of one or more endogenous yeast genes selected from the group consisting of ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase INP54, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase IDP3, mitochondrial phosphatidylglycerophosphatase GEP4, triglyceride lipase TGL1, long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase FAA3, lipid phosphate phosphatase LPP1, and variants of such endogenous yeast genes. The yeast cell produces higher amount of fatty acids and/or fatty acid-derived products compared to a yeast cell not overexpressing the one or more endogenous yeast genes.

Bio-production processes that rely on biological activity can be very slow and inefficient, yet, the output of these processes may have significant value. Using biological enzymes outside their natural cellular environments offers a significant and largely untapped opportunity to enhance bio-production processes. By decoupling enzymes from their native contexts, one can modify both their sequences and structures in ways that are favorable for industrial applications. This system and method mixes substrate molecules, PPi, and enzymes that utilize PPi (PPi-dependent enzymes) in a reaction chamber and ends with stable-form products, including phosphorylated molecules.

Described herein is a novel enzymatic pathway and acid tolerant Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain exhibiting the same, for producing 3-hydroxypropionic acid by fermentation wherein the S. pombe strain includes nucleotide sequences that encode, and which are operably linked to promoters to express, non-native enzymes that exhibit an oxaloacetate decarboxylase (ODC) activity that converts oxaloacetate to 3-oxopropionate and a 3-oxopropionate reductase (OPR) activity that converts the 3-opropionate to 3-hydroxypropianate. ODC and OPR enzymes are not known to exist in nature, nor is an enzymatic path for making 3-hydroxypropionic acid but particular enzymes exhibiting the requisite activities are herein identified by sequence. A further enhancement is to also overexpress an enzyme that has at least one of a pyruvate carboxylase activity, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase activity, and a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity, which increases the level of oxaloacetate in the cell leading to greater 3-HP production.