A splint single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which comprises a linear splint sequence and a hairpin sequence on each side of the linear splint sequence; a splint ssDNA-ligating linear ssDNA monomeric complex; a method of producing a ssDNA circle; and a kit comprising the splint ssDNA and instructions for using the splint ssDNA to produce a ssDNA circle.

Modified nucleotides, and methods to modify nucleotides with a moiety or label, such as biotin, that permits their detection and results in a modified nucleotide, and methods of use of the modified nucleotide in quantitative and qualitative assays.

The present invention is based on the seminal discovery that FANA antisense oligonucleotides inhibit the growth of bacteria harbored within plant-feeding insects, wherein the insect is chewing or feeding from the xylem, phloem, or mesophyll. Specifically, the use of FANA antisense oligonucleotides decreases the expression of target RNA or DNA and inhibits growth of CLas within the psyllid D. citri, which then prevents the transmission of CLas from D. citri to a citrus tree, or of CLso within the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli which prevents the transmission of CLso from Bactericera cockerelli to a Solanaceous plant. Specifically, the use of FANA antisense oligonucleotides decreases the expression of target RNA or DNA and inhibits growth of CLas within the host plant, citrus or Solanaceous, which then prevents the transmission of CLas from D. citri to a citrus tree, or which prevents the transmission of CLso from Bactericera cockerelli to a Solanaceous plant.