A permanent magnet of an embodiment includes: a composition represented by a composition formula: R(Fe.sub.pM.sub.qCu.sub.rCo.sub.1-p-q-r).sub.z, where R is at least one element selected from rare-earth elements, M is at least one element selected from Zr, Ti, and Hf, and relations of 0.3≦p≦0.4, 0.01≦q≦0.05, 0.01≦r≦0.1, and 7≦z≦8.5 (atomic ratio) are satisfied; and a structure including a cell phase having a Th.sub.2Zn.sub.17 crystal phase, and a cell wall phase existing to surround the cell phase. An average magnetization of the cell wall phase is 0.2 T or less.

The present subject matter describes Ni—Al—Zr alloys, which include Ni as the major component, with the additions of 9-20% Al and 4-14% Zr by atomic percentage. In one embodiment, the present subject matter describes a group of alloy compositions in a Nickel-Aluminum-Zirconium (Ni—Al—Zr) system corresponding to a concentration range of about 9-20% Al and about 4-14% Zr by atomic percentages, and the balance being Ni. In other embodiment, the present subject matter includes at least one eutectic constituent including at least two of the intermetallic compounds or phases Ni.sub.3Al, NiAl, Ni.sub.5Zr, Ni.sub.7Zr.sub.2 and derivatives that are realized within the aforementioned composition group.

An integrated method for manufacturing a high-temperature resistant thin-walled component by preforming by laying a metal foil strip. The integrated manufacturing method includes: designing a preform, preparing a support die, determining a thickness of a foil strip, determining a width of the foil strip, developing a laying process, laying an A foil strip and a B foil strip, obtaining an AB laminated preform, bulging the preform, performing a reactive synthesis and a densification process of a bulged component, and performing a subsequent treatment of the thin-walled component. Various embodiments obtain an integral thin-walled preform with a complex structure, a uniform wall thickness and a shape close to the final part by continuously laying a metal foil strip with an appropriate width.

An additive manufacturing method may involve: Providing a first material in powder form and a second material as a consumable electrode; forming the first material into a first layer on a base; placing an end of the second material in close proximity to a portion of the first layer; operating a power supply connected to the base and the second material to provide electrical energy sufficient to initiate a chemical reaction between the first and second materials and form a reaction product; feeding additional amounts of the second material while moving the end of the second material along a desired pattern adjacent the first layer, additional reaction products forming additional portions of the article; providing additional quantities of the first material over the first layer to form a subsequent layer; and operating the power supply to form additional portions of the article in the subsequent layer.

The disclosure concerns methods for making a composition comprising a light metal and an intermetallic comprising the light metal and a light rare earth element. The composition also may include a plurality of nanoparticles comprising an oxide of the light metal. The method includes directly reducing a light rare earth element precursor compound in a melt of the light metal, thereby forming the light rare earth element and nanoparticles of the light metal oxide.

The invention relates to vertical or inclined electrodes of an electrolyzer for electrolytically producing aluminum from aluminum oxide. An electrode contains an electrode base and a surface coating based on refractory ceramics. According to a first variant of the invention, the electrode base is made of a composite material containing between 5% and 90% by mass of refractory ceramics, and of at least one metal having a melting temperature exceeding 1000° C., which forms refractory intermetallic compounds upon interaction with aluminum, and/or containing at least one alloy of such a metal. According to a second variant of the invention, the electrode base is made of a metal alloy, for example structural steel or another alloy, and the surface of the electrode base has applied thereto an intermediary layer consisting of a composite material having the composition described above.

An alloy represented by the formula (Mn.sub.xAl.sub.y)C.sub.z, the alloy being aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), and carbon (C), and optionally unavoidable impurities; wherein x=56.0 to 59.0 y=41.0 to 44.0 x+y=100, and z=1.5 to 2.4. The alloy is highly suitable for forming the ε and ε phase in high purity and high microstructural homogeneity. A method for processing an alloy of formula (Mn.sub.x′Al.sub.y′)C.sub.z′, wherein x′=52.0 to 59.0, y′=41.0 to 48.0, x′+y′=100, and z′=0.1 to 3.0, the process including providing the raw materials of the alloy, melting the raw materials, and forming particles of the alloy by gas atomization of the molten alloy.

A method for producing a metal-based powder that is used in metal additive manufacturing, the method comprising: melting alloy metal precursors at a temperature above a liquidus temperature thereof until all alloy metal precursors are in liquid state, to produce a molten alloy; casting the molten alloy by transferring the molten alloy into a caster; cooling the molten alloy to a temperature of at least below the solidus temperature, at a cooling rate above about 50° C./s, to produce a cast alloy with a low density of precipitates; remelting the cast alloy with a low density of precipitates to produce a melted alloy; and forming the metal-based powder from the remelted alloy.

A method for manufacturing FeNi ordered alloy having a L1.sub.0 type order structure is provided. After a nitrification process for nitriding a powder sample of a FeNi disordered alloy arranged in a tube furnace is performed using a NH.sub.3 gas, a de-nitrification process for removing a nitrogen from the FeNi disordered alloy which is processed by the nitrification process is performed using a H.sub.2 gas. Thus, the L1.sub.0 type FeNi ordered alloy with a regularity defined by S equal to or higher than 0.5 is obtained.

A powder for producing a superconducting component. The powder includes Nb.sub.xSn.sub.y, where 1≤x≤6 and 1≤y≤5. The powder does not have any separate NbO phases and/or SnO phases.