The present invention relates to a protective layer for TiAl materials for affording protection against oxidation, said protective layer having a layer sequence which, proceeding from the inner side facing toward the TiAl material (1), has an inner aluminum oxide layer (5), a first gradient layer (6) comprising aluminum and a base metal with a base metal content increasing outward toward the surface side, a base metal layer (7), a second gradient layer (8) comprising aluminum and a base metal with an aluminum content increasing outward toward the surface side, and an outer aluminum oxide layer (9), and also to a method for the production thereof.

A method of manufacturing an iron bus bar includes preparing an iron core and forming a copper layer having a thickness of 10 to 30 m on the iron core by coating. The manufactured iron bus bar has high strength and durability as well as excellent electrical conductivity can be manufactured at low cost.

In a DLC film-formed material, an intermediate layer is disposed between a substrate and a DLC film. The intermediate layer is a composite layer containing a component metal atom derived from the substrate and a diamond-like carbon. For example, such intermediate layer can be formed by applying a negative bias to the substrate while reducing the absolute value of the negative bias with time, in a plasma layer formation process. A carbon target or a hydrocarbon gas can be used as a carbon source.

The present application provides an LED chip based on an alumina-silica composite substrate and a fabrication method thereof. The LED chip comprises an alumina-silica composite PSS substrate, a composite buffer layer and an LED structural layer, wherein the composite buffer layer is epitaxially grown on the alumina-silica composite PSS substrate, and the LED structural layer is epitaxially grown on the composite buffer layer. The composite buffer layer comprises: an aluminium oxynitride/aluminium nitride layer and a silicon oxynitride layer, wherein the alumina in the alumina-silica composite PSS substrate is covered with the aluminium oxynitride/aluminium nitride layer, and the silica in the alumina-silica composite PSS substrate is covered with the aluminium oxynitride/aluminium nitride layer and the silicon oxynitride layer in a staggered manner.

A substrate having a surface coated with a piezoelectric coating I, the coating including A-xMexN, wherein A is at least one of B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, and Me is at least one metallic element Me from the transition metal groups 3b, 4b, 5b 6b the lanthanides, and Mg the coating I having a thickness d, and further including a transition layer wherein the ratio of atomic percentage of Me to atomic percentage of Al steadily rises along a thickness extent 3 of said coating for which there is valid:
3d.

The invention relates to a coated substrate, preferably coated tool for use in manufacturing processes, such as machining processes or forming processes, comprising a coated surface, said coated surface formed by a substrate surface made of a first material (1) and a coating system, preferably an arc-PVD-deposited coating system, applied on said substrate surface, said coating system comprising an amorphous carbon film (100), wherein the amorphous carbon film (100) is a tetrahedral hydrogen-free amorphous carbon film in which the share of the sp.sup.3 bond percentages of the CC bonds exceeds that of the sp.sup.2 bond percentages. The invention further relates to a method.

An apparatus includes a substrate, an anodic oxidation layer, and a base layer. The anodic oxidation layer is disposed on a surface of the substrate, and the base layer is disposed on a surface of the anodic oxidation layer. The base layer includes a first base layer and a second base layer stacked on the anodic oxidation layer, and each of the first base layer and the second base layer includes a deposition layer of a first metal. An average grain size of the first base layer is less than an average grain size of the second base layer. The anodic oxidation layer includes a nanopore structure, and grains of the first base layer is at least partially embedded in the nanopore structure of the anodic oxidation layer.

A method for producing an optical component of a lighting device for vehicles, wherein a base body is made of a translucent or transparent material, a screen coating is applied to an outer surface of the base body by vapor deposition or by sputtering of a coating material, wherein the screen coating is applied as a reflective coating, wherein, during the application process, first a first reflective laminate layer with a low degree of reflection and then a second reflective laminate layer with a high degree of reflection are applied.

A coated cutting tool and a process for the production thereof is provided. The coated cutting tool consists of a substrate body of WCCo based cemented carbide and a coating, the coating including a first (Ti,Al)N multilayer, a first gamma-aluminium oxide layer, and a set of alternating second (Ti,Al)N multilayers and second gamma-aluminium oxide layers.

A precious metallic laminate may include a first transparent substrate, a transparent transition layer deposited on the first transparent substrate, and a metallic layer deposited on the transparent transition layer. The metallic layer may include a precious metal. The laminate may include a second transparent substrate covering the metallic layer.