The present invention provides a Cr-rich cathodic arc coating, an article in turbine blade coated with the chromizing over cathodic arc coating, and a method to produce the coating thereof. The Cr-rich cathodic arc coating in the present invention comprises a cathodic arc coating and a diffusion coating deposited atop the cathodic arc coating to enforce hot corrosion resistance. The hardware coated with the chromizing over cathodic arc coating in the present invention is reinforced with superior-hot corrosion resistance. The present invention further provides a novel method for producing the chromizing over cathodic arc coating by re-sequencing coating deposition order. The method in the present invention is efficient and cost-reducing by eliminating some operations, e.g., DHT and peening, between the cathodic arc coating and the diffusion coating. The hot corrosion resistance in the present invention results from the high Cr content in the surface of the coating.

According to one embodiment, film formation apparatus includes: a carrying unit that includes a rotation table which circulates and carries a workpiece; a film formation process unit which includes a target formed of a silicon material, and a plasma producer that produces plasma of a sputter gas introduced between the target and the rotation table, and which forms a silicon film on the workpiece by sputtering; and a hydrogenation process unit which includes a process gas introducing unit that introduces a process gas containing a hydrogen gas, and a plasma producer that produces plasma of the process gas, and which performs hydrogenation on the silicon film formed on the workpiece. The carrying unit carries the workpiece so as to alternately pass through the film formation process unit and through the hydrogenation process unit.

A method for solvent-free perovskite deposition. The method comprises loading a lead target and one or more samples adhered to a substrate holder into a deposition chamber, pumping down to a high vacuum pressure, and backfilling the deposition chamber with the vapor of a salt precursor to form a perovskite material.

A method for in-vivo cancer diagnosis within a living tissue. The method includes preparing an electrochemical probe by fabricating three integrated electrodes via coating a layer of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VAMWCNTs) on tips of three electrically conductive biocompatible needles, putting the tips of the three integrated electrodes in contact with a portion of the living tissue by inserting the tips of the three integrated electrodes into the portion of the living tissue, recording an electrochemical response from the portion of the living tissue, where the electrochemical response may include a cyclic voltammetry (CV) diagram with an oxidation current peak of hypoxic glycolysis chemical reaction in biological cells within the portion of the living tissue, and detecting cancer-involving status of the portion of the living tissue based on the oxidation current peak.

A method for in-vivo cancer diagnosis within a living tissue. The method includes preparing an electrochemical probe by fabricating three integrated electrodes via coating a layer of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VAMWCNTs) on tips of three electrically conductive biocompatible needles, putting the tips of the three integrated electrodes in contact with a portion of the living tissue by inserting the tips of the three integrated electrodes into the portion of the living tissue, recording an electrochemical response from the portion of the living tissue, where the electrochemical response may include a cyclic voltammetry (CV) diagram with an oxidation current peak corresponding to a hypoxic glycolysis chemical reaction in biological cells within the portion of the living tissue, and detecting a cancer-involving status of the portion of the living tissue based on the oxidation current peak.

The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional carbon structure. The method requires graphene layers and/or graphene oxide layers. The layers can be provided such that they correspond to the cross-section of a pre-defined shape. In this regard, the method of the present invention can be employed to manufacture a three-dimensional carbon structure having a custom shape.

A self-cleaning film system includes a substrate and an anti-reflection film disposed on the substrate. The anti-reflection film includes a first sheet formed from titanium dioxide, a second sheet formed from silicon dioxide and disposed on the first sheet, and a third sheet formed from titanium dioxide and disposed on the second sheet. The system includes a self-cleaning film disposed on the anti-reflection film and including a monolayer disposed on the third sheet and formed from a fluorinated material selected from the group consisting of fluorinated organic compounds, fluorinated inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof. The self-cleaning film includes a first plurality of regions disposed within the monolayer such that each of the first plurality of regions abuts and is surrounded by the fluorinated material and includes a photocatalytic material.

A method of preparing a hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) nano-film. The method includes: 1) synthesizing a hydrated calcium silicate powder having a calcium to silicon ratio (Ca/Si) of 0.5-3.0; 2) calcining the CSH powder obtained in 1) for 2-3 hours under a temperature of 150-250 C., cooling to approximately 25 C., and pressing the CSH powder under a pressure of 100-200 megapascal, to yield a target material; 3) fixing a substrate on a sample table of a magnetron sputtering apparatus, placing the target material obtained in 2) in a target position of the magnetron sputtering apparatus, pre-sputtering the target material for 5-10 minutes, rotating the substrate at a constant speed, sputtering the target material for 30-300 minutes, to yield a nano-film; and 4) soaking the nano-film obtained in 3) into in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide at approximately 25 C. for 1-3 days.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a mask includes preparing a first conductive layer. The first conductive layer includes a third portion having a mesh shape in a plurality of cell regions on a substrate, a second portion disposed between the cell regions, and a first portion surrounding the third portion and the second portion. The method further includes preparing a second conductive layer including at least one opening on the first conductive layer. The method also includes oxidizing a part of the first conductive layer exposed through the at least one opening of the second conductive layer. The method further includes preparing a plating layer on the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and removing the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer from the plating layer.

A self-cleaning film system includes a substrate and an anti-reflection film disposed on the substrate. The anti-reflection film includes a first sheet formed from titanium dioxide, a second sheet formed from silicon dioxide and disposed on the first sheet, and a third sheet formed from titanium dioxide and disposed on the second sheet. The system includes a self-cleaning film disposed on the anti-reflection film and including a monolayer disposed on the third sheet and formed from a fluorinated material selected from the group consisting of fluorinated organic compounds, fluorinated inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof. The self-cleaning film includes a first plurality of regions disposed within the monolayer such that each of the first plurality of regions abuts and is surrounded by the fluorinated material and includes a photocatalytic material.