A method of forming a passivation layer on a substrate includes providing a substrate in a processing chamber. The substrate includes a metallic surface which is a copper, tin or silver surface, or an alloyed surface of one or more of copper, tin or silver. The method further includes depositing at least one organic layer onto the metallic surface by vapour deposition, the organic layer formed from an organic precursor. The organic precursor includes a first functional group including at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, or silicon, and a second functional group selected from hydroxyl (OH) or carboxyl (COOH). The first functional group is adsorbed onto the metallic surface. The method further includes depositing at least one inorganic layer onto the organic layer by vapour deposition, wherein the second functional group acts as an attachment site for the inorganic layer.

Disclosed herein is a device which detects repetitive movement of a user's body part. The device has a sensor which detects G forces along at least two axes when the user repeatedly moves the body part; a memory, which stores reference data corresponding to ideal reference data; a processor/computing unit, which communicates with the sensor and the memory, and receives data associated with the G forces. The processing/computing unit compares the ideal reference data with the data associated with the detected G forces. A feedback component is connected to the processor/computing unit to provide the user with a signal when a target has been achieved. Also disclosed is a method of computing data received by the device and an exerciser device that simulates the movement of a hula hoop.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

A lubricant free firing weapon is provided having amorphous, solid, diamond-like carbon coating (DLC) containing sp3, sp2 carbons and hydrogen bonded to the metallic operating parts. Such firing weapons may further include physical modifications to the bolt carrier rails to enhance the expulsion of sand/dust on the bolt carrier under extreme environments. Also provided herein are plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition processes for producing such lubricant free weapons having coat thicknesses of 1 m-25 m which allows for reliable operation under all environmental conditions including extreme environments such as hot/cold and sand/dust without the need for lubrication.

Disclosed herein is a method of treating a composite piston pin, including: preparing the piston pin of which at least surface layer includes a composite material including a reinforcing fiber and a resin; improving roughness by processing the surface layer of the piston pin; and forming a coating layer on the surface layer processed to reduce a friction coefficient of the piston pin.

A method and system is provided for reducing surface roughness of a diesel engine component. The method and system may apply a voltage to a plasma electrolyte polishing cell. The plasma electrolyte polishing cell may include a diesel engine component and an aqueous electrolyte solution. The method and system may cause a plasma layer to form around a surface of the diesel engine component as a result of applying the voltage to the plasma electrolyte polishing cell. The method and system may terminate the voltage to the plasma electrolyte polishing cell. The method and system may apply a coating process to the diesel engine component.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

The present disclosure relates to a tantalum carbide-coated carbon material and a method for manufacturing the same, and an aspect of the present disclosure provides a tantalum carbide-coated carbon material including: a carbon substrate; and a tantalum carbide coating layer formed on the carbon substrate by a CVD method, wherein microcracks included in the tantalum carbide coating layer have a maximum width of 1.5 ?m to 2.6 ?m.

A semiconductor substrate according to the present invention includes a nitride semiconductor layer 203, an amorphous semiconductor layer 205 formed on one main surface side of the nitride semiconductor layer 203, a high-roughness layer 206 which is a semiconductor layer formed on the amorphous semiconductor layer 205 and has a surface roughness larger than the amorphous semiconductor layer 205, and a diamond layer 207 formed on the high-roughness layer 206. Damage to the nitride semiconductor layer can be reduced in forming the diamond layer on the nitride semiconductor layer and adhesion between the layers can be increased.