Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to methods of depositing a molybdenum film directly on a substrate surface (e.g., a low-? dielectric material) by exposing the substrate surface to a molybdenum-containing precursor and an organosilane reducing agent at a temperature of less than or equal to 450? C. The molybdenum-containing precursor comprises one or more of molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl.sub.5), molybdenum dioxide dichloride (MoO.sub.2Cl.sub.2), molybdenum oxytetrachloride (MoOCl.sub.4), molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF.sub.6), molybdenum hexacarbonyl, bis(tert-butylimido)-bis(dimethylamido)molybdenum, or bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum. The organosilane reducing agent comprises trimethylsilyl compounds, such as 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene.

Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to methods of depositing a molybdenum film directly on a substrate surface (e.g., a low-? dielectric material) by exposing the substrate surface to a molybdenum-containing precursor and an organosilane reducing agent at a temperature of less than or equal to 450? C. The molybdenum-containing precursor comprises one or more of molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl.sub.5), molybdenum dioxide dichloride (MoO.sub.2Cl.sub.2), molybdenum oxytetrachloride (MoOCl.sub.4), molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF.sub.6), molybdenum hexacarbonyl, bis(tert-butylimido)-bis(dimethylamido)molybdenum, or bis(ethylbenzene) molybdenum. The organosilane reducing agent comprises trimethylsilyl compounds, such as 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene.

Embodiments of the invention provide processes to selectively form a cobalt layer on a copper surface over exposed dielectric surfaces. In one embodiment, a method for capping a copper surface on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate within a processing chamber, wherein the substrate contains a contaminated copper surface and a dielectric surface, exposing the contaminated copper surface to a reducing agent while forming a copper surface during a pre-treatment process, exposing the substrate to a cobalt precursor gas to selectively form a cobalt capping layer over the copper surface while leaving exposed the dielectric surface during a vapor deposition process, and depositing a dielectric barrier layer over the cobalt capping layer and the dielectric surface. In another embodiment, a deposition-treatment cycle includes performing the vapor deposition process and subsequently a post-treatment process, which deposition-treatment cycle may be repeated to form multiple cobalt capping layers.

Embodiments of the invention provide processes to selectively form a cobalt layer on a copper surface over exposed dielectric surfaces. In one embodiment, a method for capping a copper surface on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate within a processing chamber, wherein the substrate contains a contaminated copper surface and a dielectric surface, exposing the contaminated copper surface to a reducing agent while forming a copper surface during a pre-treatment process, exposing the substrate to a cobalt precursor gas to selectively form a cobalt capping layer over the copper surface while leaving exposed the dielectric surface during a vapor deposition process, and depositing a dielectric barrier layer over the cobalt capping layer and the dielectric surface. In another embodiment, a deposition-treatment cycle includes performing the vapor deposition process and subsequently a post-treatment process, which deposition-treatment cycle may be repeated to form multiple cobalt capping layers.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a high yield of an organometallic compound including a step of allowing a metal hexacarbonyl compound to react with a hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine compound, and a thin film having excellent properties, fabricated by depositing the produced organometallic compound.

The present invention is in the field of processes for the generation of thin inorganic films on substrates, in particular atomic layer deposition processes. It relates to a process for preparing metal films comprising (a) depositing a metal-containing compound from the gaseous state onto a solid substrate and (b) bringing the solid substrate with the deposited metal-containing compound in contact with a reducing agent in the gaseous state, wherein the reducing agent is or at least partially forms at the surface of the solid substrate a carbene, a silylene or a phosphor radical.

A semiconductor device includes: a fin structure disposed on a substrate; a gate feature that traverses the fin structure to overlay a central portion of the fin structure; a pair of source/drain features, along the fin structure, that are disposed at respective sides of the gate feature; and a plurality of contact structures that are formed of tungsten, wherein a gate electrode of the gate feature and the pair of source/drain features are each directly coupled to a respective one of the plurality of contact structures.

Methods and apparatus for depositing a cobalt layer in a feature, such as, a word line formed in a substrate, are provided herein. In some embodiments, method of processing a substrate includes: exposing a substrate at a first temperature to a cobalt containing precursor to deposit a cobalt layer within a word line feature formed in the substrate, wherein the word line feature is part of a 3D NAND device; and annealing the substrate to remove contaminants from the cobalt layer and to reflow the cobalt layer into the word line feature, wherein the substrate is at a second temperature greater than the first temperature during the annealing.

Methods and apparatus for depositing a cobalt layer in a feature, such as, a word line formed in a substrate, are provided herein. In some embodiments, method of processing a substrate includes: exposing a substrate at a first temperature to a cobalt containing precursor to deposit a cobalt layer within a word line feature formed in the substrate, wherein the word line feature is part of a 3D NAND device; and annealing the substrate to remove contaminants from the cobalt layer and to reflow the cobalt layer into the word line feature, wherein the substrate is at a second temperature greater than the first temperature during the annealing.

An integrated system for synthesis of a film-forming precursor, consumption of the precursor and formation of a thin film on a substrate is provided. The integrated system includes a raw material source, a precursor synthesis chamber in communication with the raw material source, a thin film processing chamber in communication with the precursor synthesis chamber for supplying the precursor from the precursor synthesis chamber to the thin film processing chamber in a controlled manner for consumption of the precursor to form the thin film on the substrate, a monitoring system for monitoring of the thin film formation in the thin film processing chamber and/or the precursor synthesis in the precursor synthesis chamber, and a controller for controlling a rate of the precursor synthesis, precursor consumption and/or thin film formation. The rate of precursor synthesis is synchronized with the rate of precursor consumption for formation of the thin film.