Atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes for forming Group VA element containing thin films, such as Sb, Sb—Te, Ge—Sb and Ge—Sb—Te thin films are provided, along with related compositions and structures. Sb precursors of the formula Sb(SiR.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3).sub.3 are preferably used, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are alkyl groups. As, Bi and P precursors are also described. Methods are also provided for synthesizing these Sb precursors. Methods are also provided for using the Sb thin films in phase change memory devices.

A coated tool of the present disclosure is provided with a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a TiCNO layer and an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer. The Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer is located in contact with the TiCNO layer at a position farther from the base member than the TiCNO layer is. The TiCNO layer includes a plurality of first protrusions that project toward the Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer, and a beam that extends in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first protrusions project, to connect the first protrusions. A cutting tool of the present disclosure is provided with: a holder extending from a first end toward a second end and including a pocket on a side of the first end; and the above-described coated tool located in the pocket.

A substrate processing apparatus includes: a chamber; and a processing gas supply unit connected to the chamber via a processing gas supply flow path and configured to supply a processing gas. The processing gas supply unit includes a raw material cartridge that includes a raw material tank that accommodates a porous member containing a metal-organic framework adsorbed with gas molecules of a raw material of the processing gas; a main body configured to communicate the raw material tank and the processing gas supply flow path with each other when the raw material cartridge is attached; and a desorption mechanism configured to desorb the gas molecules of the raw material of the processing gas and allow the gas molecules to flow out as the processing gas to the processing gas supply flow path while the raw material cartridge is attached to the main body.

A method for forming an oligomer-containing layer on a substrate and in a concave portion formed on the substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times under a first temperature, the cycle including supplying a precursor gas to the substrate, and supplying first and second nitrogen- and hydrogen-containing gases to the substrate, so an oligomer including an element in at least one selected from the group of the precursor gas, and the first and second nitrogen-hydrogen-containing gasses, flowed in the concave portion, and (b) forming a film to fill the inside of the concave portion by post-treating the substrate, which has the oligomer-containing layer formed on the surface of the substrate and in the concave portion, under a second temperature not less than the first temperature, so that the oligomer-containing layer formed in the concave portion is modified to form the film.

A method for forming an oligomer-containing layer on a substrate and in a concave portion formed on the substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times under a first temperature, the cycle including supplying a precursor gas to the substrate, and supplying first and second nitrogen- and hydrogen-containing gases to the substrate, so an oligomer including an element in at least one selected from the group of the precursor gas, and the first and second nitrogen-hydrogen-containing gasses, flowed in the concave portion, and (b) forming a film to fill the inside of the concave portion by post-treating the substrate, which has the oligomer-containing layer formed on the surface of the substrate and in the concave portion, under a second temperature not less than the first temperature, so that the oligomer-containing layer formed in the concave portion is modified to form the film.

Transition metal dichalcogenide films and methods for depositing transition metal dichalcogenide films on a substrate are described. Methods for converting transition metal oxide films to transition metal dichalcogenide films are also described. The substrate is exposed to a precursor and a chalcogenide reactant to form the transition metal dichalcogenide film. The exposures can be sequential or simultaneous.

A manufacturing apparatus for a group-III nitride crystal, the manufacturing apparatus includes: a raw material chamber that produces therein a group-III element oxide gas; and a nurturing chamber in which a group-III element oxide gas supplied from the raw material chamber and a nitrogen element-containing gas react therein to produce a group-III nitride crystal on a seed substrate, wherein an angle that is formed by a direction along a shortest distance between a forward end of a group-III element oxide gas supply inlet to supply the group-III element oxide gas into the nurturing chamber and an outer circumference of the seed substrate placed in the nurturing chamber, and a surface of the seed substrate is denoted by “θ”, wherein a diameter of the group-Ill element oxide gas supply inlet is denoted by “S”, wherein a distance between a surface, on which the seed substrate is placed, of a substrate susceptor that holds the seed substrate and a forward end of a first carrier gas supply inlet to supply a first carrier gas into the nurturing chamber is denoted by “L.sub.1”, wherein a distance between the forward end of the first carrier gas supply inlet and the forward end of the group-III element oxide gas supply inlet is denoted by “M.sub.1”, wherein a diameter of the seed substrate is denoted by “k”, and wherein following Eqs. (1) to (4), 0°<θ<90° (1), 0.21≤S/k≤0.35 (2), 1.17≤(L.sub.1+M.sub.1)/k≤1.55 (3), k=2*(L.sub.1+M.sub.1)/tan θ+S (4) are satisfied.

A wafer carrier includes a pocket sized and shaped to accommodate a wafer, the pocket having a base and a substantially circular perimeter, and a removable orientation marker, the removable orientation marker comprising an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface having an arcuate form sized and shaped to mate with the substantially circular perimeter of the pocket, and the inner surface comprising a flat face, wherein the removable orientation marker further comprises a notch at a first end of the flat face.

A method for growing a transition metal dichalcogenide layer involves arranging a substrate having a first transition metal contained pad is arranged in a chemical vapor deposition chamber. A chalcogen contained precursor is arranged upstream of the substrate in the chemical vapor deposition chamber. The chemical vapor deposition chamber is heated for a period of time during which a transition metal dichalcogenides layer, containing transition metal from the first transition metal contained pad and chalcogen from the chalcogen contained precursor, is formed in an area adjacent to the first transition metal contained pad.

A coating is deposited on a substrate in a CVD reactor that includes a process chamber and a gas inlet member with a first gas distribution chamber and a second gas distribution chamber separate from the first gas distribution chamber. To deposit heterostructures, in a first step, an inert or a diluent gas is fed into the first gas distribution chamber and a reactive gas containing the elements of a first coating is fed into the second gas distribution chamber. The reactive gas pyrolytically decomposes in the process chamber to form the first coating on the substrate. In a second step, a diluent gas is fed into the second gas distribution chamber and a reactive gas containing the elements of a second coating is fed into the first gas distribution chamber. The reactive gas or gas mixture decomposes in the process chamber to form the second coating on the substrate.