Surface having properties for reducing diffuse light due to water condensation, wherein the antifog means consist in atomic aggregates adhered to and dispersed over the surface, wherein the aggregates are selected among the transition metals and the silicon. It is also related to a method for obtaining a surface having properties for reducing diffuse light due to water condensation a wavelength selected in the range from 100 nm to 50 micrometers, comprising the steps of selecting the wavelength, obtaining a glass or polymer surface that has been subjected to optical polishing and adhering to the surface atomic aggregates which are selected among the transition metals and the silicon with a separation between them being lower than or having an order of the selected wavelength selected. Thus a durable antifogging surface is obtained.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide barrier coated substrates and methods of coating a substrate with a barrier coating derived from sol gels. An example includes a barrier coated aerospace component that is subject to hot salt corrosion during use. The barrier coating is derived from oxidation of a coating composition that includes at least one sol gel. The barrier coating resists hot salt corrosion for an incubation period of such duration that an uncoated superalloy substrate under the same conditions would suffer corrosion to a depth of about 2.0 mils. Methods of applying the barrier coating include the steps of selecting a first liquid sol gel and wetting surfaces of the superalloy substrate with the selected first liquid sol gel. The wetted surfaces of the superalloy substrate are subjected to heat treatment. The heat treatment includes sintering of sol gel to oxide to produce a barrier coating.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide barrier coated substrates and methods of coating a substrate with a barrier coating derived from sol gels. An example includes a barrier coated aerospace component that is subject to hot salt corrosion during use. The barrier coating is derived from oxidation of a coating composition that includes at least one sol gel. The barrier coating resists hot salt corrosion for an incubation period of such duration that an uncoated superalloy substrate under the same conditions would suffer corrosion to a depth of about 2.0 mils. Methods of applying the barrier coating include the steps of selecting a first liquid sol gel and wetting surfaces of the superalloy substrate with the selected first liquid sol gel. The wetted surfaces of the superalloy substrate are subjected to heat treatment. The heat treatment includes sintering of sol gel to oxide to produce a barrier coating.

An inorganic coating solution composition including an alkali metal silicate, a curing agent, a dispersant, a defoamer, and a solvent, wherein the curing agent is phosphoric acid (H.sub.2PO.sub.4), the dispersant is at least one selected from among Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol 400 and polyvinyl alcohol, and the defoamer is at least one selected from among a silicone-based defoamer, an alcohol-based defoamer, a mineral oil-based defoamer and a powder defoamer.

A method for manufacturing zinc oxide films according to the present invention includes: a step (Step 1) for mixing zinc salt, aqueous ammonia, and organic acid to prepare a source solution containing a zinc ammine complex; a step (Step 2) for depositing a zinc oxide film on a substrate using the source solution by a liquid phase deposition method; and a step (Step 3) for irradiating the deposited zinc oxide film with UV light to remove the organic acid from the deposited zinc oxide film. The present invention can provide a method for manufacturing zinc oxide films that can simplify a device configuration of a manufacturing device.

The disclosure relates to a method for forming a conformal coating on a substrate having a topography presenting a relief. One method of the disclosure includes setting the temperature of the substrate within the range 140-275 C., and coating an aqueous solution including a sol-gel precursor on said substrate. The disclosure also relates to a method for fabricating a battery, a capacitor, a catalyst, a photovoltaic cell or a sensor using such a method, and to an aqueous solution for use in such a method.

A preparation method for a one-dimensional Ni.sub.12P.sub.5/Ni.sub.2P polycrystalline heterostructure catalyst used for high-efficiency water oxidation is provided. In particular, nickel foam is used as a conductive carrier and a nickel source, sodium phosphite is used as a phosphorus source, and the one-dimensional polycrystalline heterostructure catalyst is synthesized therefrom by means of a two-step hydrothermal-phosphorization method. The combination of the one-dimensional heterostructure and the nickel foam conductive carrier is beneficial for charge transfer and the release of bubbles on the surface of an electrode/electrolyte. The prepared Ni.sub.12P.sub.5/Ni.sub.2P/NF catalyst has a relatively low electrocatalytic water oxidation overpotential and long-term stability in an alkaline solution. After the Ni.sub.12P.sub.5/Ni.sub.2P/NF is loaded with monatomic Ir, the water oxidation overpotential can be further reduced.

A preparation method for a one-dimensional Ni.sub.12P.sub.5/Ni.sub.2P polycrystalline heterostructure catalyst used for high-efficiency water oxidation is provided. In particular, nickel foam is used as a conductive carrier and a nickel source, sodium phosphite is used as a phosphorus source, and the one-dimensional polycrystalline heterostructure catalyst is synthesized therefrom by means of a two-step hydrothermal-phosphorization method. The combination of the one-dimensional heterostructure and the nickel foam conductive carrier is beneficial for charge transfer and the release of bubbles on the surface of an electrode/electrolyte. The prepared Ni.sub.12P.sub.5/Ni.sub.2P/NF catalyst has a relatively low electrocatalytic water oxidation overpotential and long-term stability in an alkaline solution. After the Ni.sub.12P.sub.5/Ni.sub.2P/NF is loaded with monatomic Ir, the water oxidation overpotential can be further reduced.

The present invention relates to a novel multi-component organometallic compound, a composition containing same for a solution process, a method for manufacturing a thin film by using same, and a method for manufacturing an optical sensor by using same.

The present invention relates to a novel multi-component organometallic compound, a composition containing same for a solution process, a method for manufacturing a thin film by using same, and a method for manufacturing an optical sensor by using same.