A method of depositing a lateral pattern of a deposition material onto a substrate. The method comprises fabricating a laterally patterned deposition surface on the substrate having one or more deposition regions and one or more non-deposition regions. The method comprises depositing deposition material onto the deposition regions of the deposition surface to form a deposition structure comprising deposited regions and non-deposited regions. Depositing deposition material comprises dissolving the deposition material in a solvent to form a solution, introducing the deposition surface into fluid contact with the solution, varying a temperature of the solution, varying a pressure of the solution; and selectively heating the deposition regions to temperatures greater than the temperature of the solution to cause the deposition material to precipitate from the solution and deposit onto the deposition regions.

A composition of matter includes a substrate material (M) having a bulk portion and an outer surface integrated to the bulk portion. The outer surface includes a modified surface layer. The modified surface layer extends to a depth from the outer surface of at least 1 nm. The modified surface layer includes M and at least one other material (X) which is a metal or metal alloy. The modified surface layer has a 25 C. electrical conductivity which is at least 2.5% above or below a 25 C. electrical conductivity in the bulk portion of M. The composition of matter can be an article that includes a frequency selective surface-based metamaterial, and the plurality of modified surface portions can be a plurality of periodic surface elements that provide a resonant frequency.

A composition of matter includes a substrate material (M) having a bulk portion and an outer surface integrated to the bulk portion. The outer surface includes a modified surface layer. The modified surface layer extends to a depth from the outer surface of at least 1 nm. The modified surface layer includes M and at least one other material (X) which is a metal or metal alloy. The modified surface layer has a 25 C. electrical conductivity which is at least 2.5% above or below a 25 C. electrical conductivity in the bulk portion of M. The composition of matter can be an article that includes a frequency selective surface-based metamaterial, and the plurality of modified surface portions can be a plurality of periodic surface elements that provide a resonant frequency.

By measuring a position of a spray gun relative to a physical surface to coat, using data on technical characteristics of the spray gun, like a spray cone the spray gun may produce and data on a coating fluid used, characteristics of a coating layer thus physically deposited may be reconstructed. With data being recording during the spray job, this is faster and more accurate than measuring layer thickness at various locations, either pre-determined or randomly. By determining flow characteristics in a spray cone and position of the spray cone relative to the surface over time and using a model of the spray cone, deposition of the layer of coating may be determined and the final layer, cured or uncured, may be reconstructed, including thickness.

By measuring a position of a spray gun relative to a physical surface to coat, using data on technical characteristics of the spray gun, like a spray cone the spray gun may produce and data on a coating fluid used, characteristics of a coating layer thus physically deposited may be reconstructed. With data being recording during the spray job, this is faster and more accurate than measuring layer thickness at various locations, either pre-determined or randomly. By determining flow characteristics in a spray cone and position of the spray cone relative to the surface over time and using a model of the spray cone, deposition of the layer of coating may be determined and the final layer, cured or uncured, may be reconstructed, including thickness.

The invention relates to a process for producing a patterned transparent conductive film comprising areas with lower conductivity and areas with higher conductivity, comprising following steps: (a) applying an ink comprising electrically conductive nanoobjects with or without a binder on a substrate, forming a first layer, wherein the amount of conductive nanoobjects is such that the first layer has a low conductivity after drying; (b) drying of the first layer; (c) applying an ink comprising a metallo-organic complex in a predetermined pattern on the first layer; (d) decomposing of the ink applied in step (c), thereby forming a pattern having a higher conductivity on the first layer. The invention further relates to a transparent conductive film, comprising areas with lower conductivity and areas with higher conductivity, wherein the areas with higher conductivity and the areas with lower conductivity comprise nanoobjects and in the areas with higher conductivity, the nanoobjects are fused by metal generated by decomposition of a metallo-organic complex.

The invention relates to a process for producing a patterned transparent conductive film comprising areas with lower conductivity and areas with higher conductivity, comprising following steps: (a) applying an ink comprising electrically conductive nanoobjects with or without a binder on a substrate, forming a first layer, wherein the amount of conductive nanoobjects is such that the first layer has a low conductivity after drying; (b) drying of the first layer; (c) applying an ink comprising a metallo-organic complex in a predetermined pattern on the first layer; (d) decomposing of the ink applied in step (c), thereby forming a pattern having a higher conductivity on the first layer. The invention further relates to a transparent conductive film, comprising areas with lower conductivity and areas with higher conductivity, wherein the areas with higher conductivity and the areas with lower conductivity comprise nanoobjects and in the areas with higher conductivity, the nanoobjects are fused by metal generated by decomposition of a metallo-organic complex.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to methods of manufacturing textured surfaces nanoimprint lithography with nanoparticulate inks. The present invention provides methods that allow flexible patterning of substrates with features having complex geometries.

A method is provided of forming a coating within an internal pathway. The method comprises: providing a body having an inlet and an outlet and an internal surface which defines an internal pathway extending within the body between the inlet and the outlet; streaming a mixture of a gas and a fluid along at least a part of a length of the internal pathway, the fluid comprising one or more substances for forming a solid coating on the internal surface, the fluid being a liquid solution of said one or more substances in a solvent or being a dispersion with at least one of said one or more substances being solid particles dispersed in a liquid continuous phase; during said streaming of the mixture, applying localised heat progressively along said at least a part of the length of the internal pathway. The progressive application of localised heat causes, within said at least a part of the length of the internal pathway, formation from the one or more substances of a solid coating on the internal surface.

A method is provided of forming a coating within an internal pathway. The method comprises: providing a body having an inlet and an outlet and an internal surface which defines an internal pathway extending within the body between the inlet and the outlet; streaming a mixture of a gas and a fluid along at least a part of a length of the internal pathway, the fluid comprising one or more substances for forming a solid coating on the internal surface, the fluid being a liquid solution of said one or more substances in a solvent or being a dispersion with at least one of said one or more substances being solid particles dispersed in a liquid continuous phase; during said streaming of the mixture, applying localised heat progressively along said at least a part of the length of the internal pathway. The progressive application of localised heat causes, within said at least a part of the length of the internal pathway, formation from the one or more substances of a solid coating on the internal surface.