A production method for an aerogel laminate includes a step of preparing a sol of producing a sol for forming an aerogel, an applying step of applying the sol obtained in the step of preparing a sol to a support having a heat ray reflective function or a heat ray absorbing function, and drying the sol to form an aerogel layer, an aging step of aging the aerogel layer obtained in the applying step, a washing step of washing the aged aerogel layer and performing solvent exchange, and a drying step of drying the aerogel layer washed in the washing step.

An oxide superconductor of an embodiment includes an oxide superconductor layer having a continuous Perovskite structure containing rare earth elements, barium (Ba), and copper (Cu). The rare earth elements contain a first element which is praseodymium (Pr), at least one second element selected from the group consisting of neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), and gadolinium (Gd), at least one third element selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), and holmium (Ho), and at least one fourth element selected from the group consisting of erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu).

Embodiments of the present invention describe a method for manufacture of a gel material comprising the steps of: forming a gel sheet by dispensing a gel precursor mixture; allowing gelation to occur to the gel precursor mixture; and cooling the formed gel with a cooling system to control reaction rate.

A method for producing aluminum oxide is provided. The method uses an aluminum-oxide-forming agent containing a partially hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl compound containing an aluminum trialkyl or a mixture thereof, and a solvent. It is thus possible to produce an aluminum oxide thin film or aluminum oxide particles on or in a substrate that is not resistant to polar solvents. A method of producing a polyolefin-based polymer nanocomposite containing zinc oxide particles or aluminum oxide particles using a solution containing a partially hydrolyzed zinc alkyl or a solution containing a partially hydrolyzed aluminum alkyl is also provided. The polyolefin-based polymer nanocomposite contains a polyolefin substrate and zinc oxide particles or aluminum oxide particles, and does not contain a dispersant. The zinc oxide particles or aluminum oxide particles have an average particle size of less than 100 nm.

The invention relates to a method for producing a medical electrode, comprising the following steps: (i) providing a substrate; (ii) applying a composition onto the substrate, wherein the composition comprises (a) a non-aqueous solvent and (b) an organic iridium complex compound dissolved in the solvent; (iii) heating the composition, and thereby forming a noble metal layer on the substrate.

A method for manufacturing an amorphous multielement metal oxide hydroxide film includes: A liquid mixture is formed by dissolving an oxidizing agent selected from a group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate and potassium ferrate, and a reducing agent in a solvent. The oxidizing agent forms an oxometallate anion having a first metal atom with a first valence number. The reducing agent forms a metal cation having a second metal atom with a third valence number. An amorphous multielement metal oxide hydroxide film is deposited on a substrate by soaking the substrate in the liquid mixture. The amorphous multielement metal oxide hydroxide film includes a multielement metal oxide hydroxide having the first metal atom with a second valence smaller than the first valence number and the second metal atom with a fourth valence number larger than the third valence number.

An oxide superconductor of an embodiment includes an oxide superconductor layer having a continuous Perovskite structure including rare earth elements, barium (Ba), and copper (Cu). The rare earth elements include a first element which is praseodymium, at least one second element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, samarium, europium, and gadolinium, at least one third element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, terbium, dysprosium, and holmium, and at least one fourth element selected from the group consisting of erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium. When the number of atoms of the first element is N(PA), the number of atoms of the second element is N(SA), and the number of atoms of the fourth element is N(CA), 1.5×(N(PA)+N(SA))≤N(CA) or 2×(N(CA)−N(PA))≤N(SA) is satisfied.

There is provided a method of producing a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising a layer of perovskite material, wherein the layer of perovskite material is disposed on a surface that has a roughness average (R.sub.a) or root mean square roughness (R.sub.rms) of greater than or equal to 50 nm. The method comprises using vapour deposition to deposit a substantially continuous and conformal solid layer comprising one or more initial precursor compounds of the perovskite material, and subsequently treating the solid layer with one or more further precursor compounds to form a substantially continuous and conformal solid layer of the perovskite material on the rough surface. There is also provided a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising a layer of perovskite material disposed using the method.

The present disclosure relates to in-plane modulated, microgradient-patterned (MGP) carbon-coated metal surface as a current collector (CC) for dendrite-free alkali metal plating and stripping with high coulombic efficiency and long cycle life. The specific microstructure and property of the MGP carbon coating of the present disclosure are prepared by scanned CO2 laser in-situ processing of a polymer coating.

Subjecting an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate to anti-corrosion and anti-wear treatment that is applicable in particular in the field of aviation for protecting certain mechanical parts of airplanes or helicopters that are subjected simultaneously to corrosion and to wear, including applying to the substrate, a sol-gel treatment step forming a sol-gel layer; and after the sol-gel treatment step, a hard oxidation step forming a hard oxide layer.