Methods, systems, and apparatus for coating the internal surface of nano-scale cavities on a substrate are contemplated. A first fluid of high wettability is applied to the nano-scale cavity, filling the cavity. A second fluid carrying a conductor or a catalyst is applied over the opening of the nano-scale cavity. The second fluid has a lower vapor pressure than the first fluid. The first fluid is converted to a gas, for example by heating the substrate. The gas exits the nano-scale cavity, creating a negative pressure or vacuum in the nano-scale cavity. The negative pressure draws the second fluid into the nano-scale cavity. The conductor is deposited on the interior surface of the nano-scale cavity, preferably less than 10 nm thick.

Systems and methods for electroless plating a first metal onto a second metal in a molten salt bath including: a bath vessel holding a dry salt mixture including a dry salt medium and a dry salt medium of the first metal, and without the reductant therein, the dry salt mixture configured to be heated to form a molten salt bath; and the second metal is configured to be disposed in the molten salt bath and receive a pure coating of the first metal thereon by electroless plating in the molten salt bath, wherein the second metal is more electronegative than the first metal.

Systems and methods for electroless plating a first metal onto a second metal in a molten salt bath including: a bath vessel holding a dry salt mixture including a dry salt medium and a dry salt medium of the first metal, and without the reductant therein, the dry salt mixture configured to be heated to form a molten salt bath; and the second metal is configured to be disposed in the molten salt bath and receive a pure coating of the first metal thereon by electroless plating in the molten salt bath, wherein the second metal is more electronegative than the first metal.

A plating-pattern plate is configured to transfer, to a substrate, a transfer pattern formed by plating. The plating-pattern plate includes a base body and transfer parts disposed on the base body. Each of the transfer parts has a transfer surface configured to have the transfer pattern to be formed on the transfer surface by plating. The transfer parts are disposed electrically independent of one another on the base body. The plating-pattern plate provides a fine conductive pattern with stable quality.

A belt for an elevator system includes a plurality of tension members arranged along a belt width and extending longitudinally along a length of the belt, each tension member including a plurality of fibers. A metallized coating layer is applied to at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one tension member of the plurality of tension members. The metallized coating has a coating electrical conductivity greater than a tension member electrical conductivity of the at least one tension member. A jacket material at least partially encapsulates the plurality of tension members and the metallized coating layer.

A belt for an elevator system includes a plurality of tension members arranged along a belt width and extending longitudinally along a length of the belt, each tension member including a plurality of fibers. A metallized coating layer is applied to at least a portion of an outer surface of at least one tension member of the plurality of tension members. The metallized coating has a coating electrical conductivity greater than a tension member electrical conductivity of the at least one tension member. A jacket material at least partially encapsulates the plurality of tension members and the metallized coating layer.

A composition for forming an electroless plating undercoat comprising: (A) a conductive polymer (B) one or more resins selected from the group consisting of a polyester polyol resin and a polyether polyol resin; and (C) a polyisocyanate compound.

A substrate liquid processing apparatus configured to perform a heating control over a processing liquid on a substrate with high accuracy in a unit of zones is provided. The substrate liquid processing apparatus includes a substrate holder configured to hold the substrate; a processing liquid supply configured to supply the processing liquid onto a processing surface of the substrate; and a heating unit configured to heat the processing liquid on the processing surface. The heating unit includes a heater, and a first sheet-shaped body and a second sheet-shaped body which are disposed to face the heater therebetween. The heater includes multiple heating elements provided in multiple heating zones of the heating unit.

A substrate liquid processing apparatus configured to perform a heating control over a processing liquid on a substrate with high accuracy in a unit of zones is provided. The substrate liquid processing apparatus includes a substrate holder configured to hold the substrate; a processing liquid supply configured to supply the processing liquid onto a processing surface of the substrate; and a heating unit configured to heat the processing liquid on the processing surface. The heating unit includes a heater, and a first sheet-shaped body and a second sheet-shaped body which are disposed to face the heater therebetween. The heater includes multiple heating elements provided in multiple heating zones of the heating unit.

An insulation layer formation method comprises: a first step in which a surface treatment is applied to a base material to form thereon a high-resistance layer having high electric resistivity; a second step in which metal plating parts are formed on the base material that has undergone the first step in such a manner as to allow a high-resistance layer to be formed thereon; and a third process in which a high-resistance layer is formed on the base material that has undergone the second step.