According to one embodiment, a wet-area device includes a main part, a first layer, and a second layer. The first layer is provided on an outer surface of the main part. The second layer is provided on an outer surface of the first layer. A hardness of the second layer is greater than a hardness of the first layer. The first layer includes a first unevenness at a side of the outer surface of the first layer. The first unevenness includes a plurality of recesses and a plurality of protrusions. The second layer includes a second unevenness at a side of an outer surface of the second layer. The second unevenness includes a plurality of recesses and a plurality of protrusions. The second unevenness is arranged along the first unevenness. An average height of the first unevenness is less than an average length of the first unevenness.

A coated steel material including: a base steel, and a coating layer containing a Zn—Al—Mg alloy layer disposed on a surface of the base steel, wherein the coating layer has a predetermined chemical composition, and, in a backscattered electron image of the Zn—Al—Mg alloy layer that is obtained at a time of observing the surface of the Zn—Al—Mg alloy layer after polishing to ½ of the layer thickness, under a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 100×, Al crystals are present, and the average value of the cumulative circumferential length of the Al crystals is 88 to 195 mm/mm.sup.2.

A hot-rolled coated steel sheet including: in wt %, C: 0.05-0.14%, Si: 0.1-1.0%, Mn: 1.0-2.0%, P: 0.001-0.05%, S: 0.001-0.01%, AI: 0.01-0.1%, Cr: 0.005-1.0%, Ti: 0.005-0.13%, Nb: 0.005-0.03%, N: 0.001-0.01%, Fe residues, and other inevitable impurities; a mixed structure of ferrite and bainite as a main phase; and as a remaining structure, one or more selected from the group consisting of martensite, austenite, and phase martensite (MA), wherein a fraction of the ferrite and bainite is 95-99 area % and Equation 1 is satisfied. [Equation 1] FCO.sub.{110}<112>+FCO.sub.{112}<111>≥10 where, FCO.sub.{110}<112> and FCO.sub.{112}<111>, each representing an area fraction occupied by a structure having ac crystal orientation of {110}<112> and {112}<111>.

A laminate that includes a substrate made of a polyolefin-based resin and is excellent in adhesion between the substrate and a metal plating layer is provided in a simple manner without roughening the surface of the substrate. In addition, a molded article, a printed wring board, and an electromagnetic wave shield using the laminate using the same are provided. Used is a laminate configured such that on a substrate (A) made of a polyolefin-based resin (a), a primer layer (B) containing a polyolefin-based resin (b) that is organic solvent soluble or water dispersible, a metal particle layer (C), and a metal plating layer (D) are sequentially laminated.

A metallic nano-twinned thin film structure and a method for forming the same are provided. The metallic nano-twinned thin film structure includes a substrate, an adhesive-lattice-buffer layer over the substrate, and a single-layer or multi-layer metallic nano-twinned thin film over the adhesive-lattice-buffer layer. The metallic nano-twinned thin film includes parallel-arranged twin boundaries (Σ3+Σ9). In a cross-sectional view of the metallic nano-twinned thin film, the parallel-arranged twin boundaries account for 30% to 90% of total twin boundaries. The parallel-arranged twin boundaries include 80% to 99% of crystal orientation [111]. The single-layer metallic nano-twinned thin film includes copper, gold, palladium or nickel. The multi-layer metallic nano-twinned thin films are respectively composed of silver, copper, gold, palladium or nickel.

An Fe—Co—Al alloy magnetic thin film contains, in terms of atomic ratio, 20% to 30% Co and 1.5% to 2.5% Al. The Fe—Co—Al alloy magnetic thin film has a crystallographic orientation such that the (100) plane is parallel to a substrate surface and the <100> direction is perpendicular to the substrate surface. The Fe—Co—Al alloy magnetic thin film has good magnetic properties, that is, a magnetization of 1440 emu/cc or more, a coercive force of less than 100 Oe, a damping factor of less than 0.01, and an FMR linewidth ΔH at 30 GHz of less than 70 Oe.

Disclosed herein are methods for electrolessly coating copper onto a chromium metal powder, the method comprising adding a nickel-coated chromium powder to an aqueous electroless copper plating bath comprising a source of copper cations, a copper-cation complexing agent, a copper-cation reducing agent, and a first base, thereby forming a copper-coated chromium metal powder. Also disclosed are copper-coated chromium metal powders prepared by a disclosed method.

A plated steel sheet having excellent post-coating corrosion resistance includes: a steel; and a plating layer that is provided on a surface of the steel, in which the plating layer includes, by mass %, Al: 5.00% to 35.00%, Mg: 2.50% to 13.00%, Fe: 5.00% to 35.00%, Si: 0% to 2.00%, Ca: 0% to 2.00%, and a remainder consisting of Zn and impurities, and in a cross section of the plating layer, the area fraction of a Fe.sub.2Al.sub.5 phase is 5.0% to 60.0%, the area fraction of an eutectic structure of Zn and MgZn.sub.2 is 10.0% to 80.0%, the area fraction of a massive MgZn.sub.2 phase is 5.0% to 40.0%, and the area fraction of a remainder is 10.0% or less.

A part includes a substrate made of a nickel-based superalloy, the substrate having a first average mass fraction of one or more first elements chosen from hafnium, silicon and chromium, the substrate having an open cavity in the part and a cooling channel, the substrate further including a surface layer partially forming the cavity, the surface layer having a second average mass fraction of the first element or first elements which is greater than the first average mass fraction.

A metal circuit structure based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC) contains: a substrate, a first metal layer attached on the substrate, a second metal layer formed on the first metal layer, and an intermediate layer defined between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. A first surface of the intermediate layer is connected with the first metal layer, and a second surface of the intermediate layer is connected with the second metal layer. The intermediate layer is made of a first material, the second metal layer is made of a second material, and the first material of the intermediate layer does not act with the second material of the second metal layer.