Provided are methods and systems for electrochemical reduction of carbon sources including, for example, carbon dioxide and carbonates. The methods and systems use a catalyst. The catalyst may comprise metals such as Fe (iron), and Ti (titanium), Ni (nickel), and Zn (zinc) and/or oxides thereof. The metals may be disposed in an aluminosilicate. The catalyst may be a porous volcanic tuff based material. The methods and systems can be used to produce various carbon-source, reduction products.

A process for the microfluidic electrochemical synthesis of geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compounds comprising the steps of pumping a solution comprising a compound of Formula I ##STR00001## into a microfluidic electrochemical reactor in the presence of a base, one of a halide or pseudohalide salt (MY), and a mediator; applying an electrical current through the microfluidic electrochemical reactor; and performing oxidative addition to create a geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compound of the general Formula II ##STR00002##

A process for the microfluidic electrochemical synthesis of geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compounds comprising the steps of pumping a solution comprising a compound of Formula I ##STR00001## into a microfluidic electrochemical reactor in the presence of a base, one of a halide or pseudohalide salt (MY), and a mediator; applying an electrical current through the microfluidic electrochemical reactor; and performing oxidative addition to create a geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compound of the general Formula II ##STR00002##

Disclosed in the present invention are methods for the electrochemical generation of aqueous organic haloamine solutions from precursor solutions comprising at least one halide-containing salt, at least one organic amine component, and an acid additive. The described method allows for the production of aqueous organic haloamine solutions with compositions ranging from a single organic haloamine component to multiple organic haloamine components and multiple free halogen components and solutions with desired pH values.

The present invention provides a stirring-free scalable electrochemical reactor enabled by alternating current and uses thereof in a method of performing electrosynthesis of organic reaction.

The present invention provides a stirring-free scalable electrochemical reactor enabled by alternating current and uses thereof in a method of performing electrosynthesis of organic reaction.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to electrochemically oxidizing metal halide with a metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state; halogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon with the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state; and oxyhalogenating the metal halide with the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant. In some embodiments, the oxyhalogenation is in series with the electrochemical oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation is in series with the oxyhalogenation, the oxyhalogenation is parallel to the electrochemical oxidation, and/or the oxyhalogenation is simultaneous with the halogenation.

A process for the microfluidic electrochemical synthesis of geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compounds comprising the steps of pumping a solution comprising a compound of Formula I

##STR00001## into a microfluidic electrochemical reactor in the presence of a base, one of a halide or pseudohalide salt (MY), and a mediator; applying an electrical current through the microfluidic electrochemical reactor; and performing oxidative addition to create a geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compound of the general Formula II

##STR00002##

A process for the microfluidic electrochemical synthesis of geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compounds comprising the steps of pumping a solution comprising a compound of Formula I

##STR00001## into a microfluidic electrochemical reactor in the presence of a base, one of a halide or pseudohalide salt (MY), and a mediator; applying an electrical current through the microfluidic electrochemical reactor; and performing oxidative addition to create a geminal dipseudohalide or halide-pseudohalide compound of the general Formula II

##STR00002##

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to electrochemically oxidizing metal halide with a metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state; halogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon with the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state; and oxyhalogenating the metal halide with the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant. In some embodiments, the oxyhalogenation is in series with the electrochemical oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation is in series with the oxyhalogenation, the oxyhalogenation is parallel to the electrochemical oxidation, and/or the oxyhalogenation is simultaneous with the halogenation.