The present disclosure aims at providing an electrolysis apparatus that can efficiently produce hydrogen and can accommodate fluctuating power supplies. A bipolar zero-gap electrolyzer for water electrolysis includes multiple bipolar elements, each of which includes an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a conductive partition wall provided between the anode and cathode chambers, and outer frames framing the conductive partition wall. The conductive partition wall has protrusions on at least one surface. A conductive elastic body is disposed between a surface of the conductive partition wall opposite the one surface and one of the electrodes. One and the other of the electrodes form conduction with the conductive partition wall at least through the protrusions and at least through the conductive elastic body, respectively. The membrane is sandwiched between the cathode and the anode of the adjacent bipolar elements by elastic stress of the conductive elastic body.

The present disclosure aims at providing an electrolysis apparatus that can efficiently produce hydrogen and can accommodate fluctuating power supplies. A bipolar zero-gap electrolyzer for water electrolysis includes multiple bipolar elements, each of which includes an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a conductive partition wall provided between the anode and cathode chambers, and outer frames framing the conductive partition wall. The conductive partition wall has protrusions on at least one surface. A conductive elastic body is disposed between a surface of the conductive partition wall opposite the one surface and one of the electrodes. One and the other of the electrodes form conduction with the conductive partition wall at least through the protrusions and at least through the conductive elastic body, respectively. The membrane is sandwiched between the cathode and the anode of the adjacent bipolar elements by elastic stress of the conductive elastic body.

Disclosed in the present invention are methods for the electrochemical generation of aqueous organic haloamine solutions from precursor solutions comprising at least one halide-containing salt, at least one organic amine component, and an acid additive. The described method allows for the production of aqueous organic haloamine solutions with compositions ranging from a single organic haloamine component to multiple organic haloamine components and multiple free halogen components and solutions with desired pH values.

Oval, rounded or circular electrolytic cell designed for use in internal combustion engines that produces hydrogen/oxygen gases from water through an electrolysis process made up of at least seven oval metal plates and closed within two closing seal blocks, upper closing block (4) and lower closing block (6), made of non-conductive material such as plastic and rubber-type materials; where the five central plates are neutral electrolytic plates (1) and the plates at the two ends are the anode electrolytic plate (2) and the cathode electrolytic plate (3) and they are connected to current by means of two electrode cables (8) protected by a cable insulator (9) and at the closures they have lower electrolyte inlet slots (7) and other upper gas outlet slots (5), which, given the oval design of the cell, allow the gases generated during the electrolysis process to easily escape through the top openings and the electrolyte to easily and continuously replenish in each cell through the lower openings.

Oval, rounded or circular electrolytic cell designed for use in internal combustion engines that produces hydrogen/oxygen gases from water through an electrolysis process made up of at least seven oval metal plates and closed within two closing seal blocks, upper closing block (4) and lower closing block (6), made of non-conductive material such as plastic and rubber-type materials; where the five central plates are neutral electrolytic plates (1) and the plates at the two ends are the anode electrolytic plate (2) and the cathode electrolytic plate (3) and they are connected to current by means of two electrode cables (8) protected by a cable insulator (9) and at the closures they have lower electrolyte inlet slots (7) and other upper gas outlet slots (5), which, given the oval design of the cell, allow the gases generated during the electrolysis process to easily escape through the top openings and the electrolyte to easily and continuously replenish in each cell through the lower openings.

A water treatment system is disclosed having an electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

A water treatment system is disclosed having an electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

Method and apparatus for a low maintenance, high reliability on-site electrolytic generator incorporating automatic cell monitoring for contaminant film buildup, as well as automatically removing or cleaning the contaminant film. This method and apparatus preferably does not require human intervention to clean. For high current density cells, cleaning is preferably performed by reversing the polarity of the electrodes and applying a lower current density to the electrodes, preferably by adjusting the salinity or brine concentration of the electrolyte while keeping the voltage constant. Electrolyte flow preferably comprises water and brine flows which are preferably separately monitored and automatically adjusted. For bipolar cells, flow between modules arranged in parallel is preferably approximately equally distributed between modules and between intermediate electrodes within each module.

Method and apparatus for a low maintenance, high reliability on-site electrolytic generator incorporating automatic cell monitoring for contaminant film buildup, as well as automatically removing or cleaning the contaminant film. This method and apparatus preferably does not require human intervention to clean. For high current density cells, cleaning is preferably performed by reversing the polarity of the electrodes and applying a lower current density to the electrodes, preferably by adjusting the salinity or brine concentration of the electrolyte while keeping the voltage constant. Electrolyte flow preferably comprises water and brine flows which are preferably separately monitored and automatically adjusted. For bipolar cells, flow between modules arranged in parallel is preferably approximately equally distributed between modules and between intermediate electrodes within each module.

An electrolyzer cell, electrolyzer setup, and related methods are provided for converting gaseous carbon dioxide to gas-phase products at elevated pressures with high conversion rates via electrolysis performed by the electrolyzer cell (100″). The electrolyzer cell (100″) is a multi-stack CO.sub.2 electrolyzer cell having individual stacks (40) that each include bipolar plate assemblies that have unique gas and fluid flow architecture formed therein.