A method by which an environmental energy (e.g., wave energy) is harvested, converted into electrical power, and thereafter used to electrolyze seawater into hydrogen and chlorine gases. Those gases are recombined into hydrogen chloride from which is formed hydrochloric acid solution which is diluted and deposited at a depth sufficient to ensure its neutralization and sequestration for a significant period of time (e.g., for over a millennium). By removing chloride ions from a portion of the sea adjacent to its upper surface and depositing them into a portion of the sea more adjacent to its bottom, acidity is shifted from the surface to base of the sea, and the surface ocean is given a greater ability to absorb and buffer atmospheric carbon dioxide without a corresponding increase in acidity.

In a method for supplying oxygen-enriched gas to an oxygen consuming process, in which the oxygen-enriched gas with a low nitrogen content is generated by supplying an anode-side feed gas comprising CO.sub.2 to the anode side of a solid oxide electrolysis cell, oxygen is generated on the anode side of the solid oxide electrolysis cell. This way, an anode-side product gas is formed, in which the oxygen-enriched gas comprises at least a part. The oxygen-enriched gas has a low nitrogen content, and the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas exiting the solid oxide electrolysis cell is between 600 and 1000° C. The method has multiple advantages, first of all as regards energy saving.

Disclosed herein are novel systems and methods for performing the following: decomposing water into hydrogen by using low-power consumption electrolysis, converting orthohydrogen into parahydrogen by using vibrational frequency, converting parahydrogen into atomic hydrogen, and mixing converted atomic hydrogen with combustible gas. The system uses a unique low-power hydrogen production cell to perform electrolysis on water. Hydrogen output from the production cell runs through coils under vibrational frequency to optimally convert orthohydrogen to parahydrogen. The system further comprises a magnetic reactor that is used to convert parahydrogen into atomic hydrogen, which is in turn mixed with combustible gas to create an eco-friendly fuel.

Provided is a carbon dioxide treatment device with improved energy efficiency in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide treatment method, and a method for producing a carbon compound. In the carbon dioxide treatment device including a recovery device 1 configured to recover carbon dioxide, an electrochemical reaction device 2 configured to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide to produce ethylene, a first concentration sensor 4A configured to measure a concentration of ethylene in a gas C obtained on a cathode side of the electrochemical reaction device 2, and a control device 5 configured to control an amount of carbon dioxide supplied to the electrochemical reaction device 2 and a voltage applied to the cathode and an anode based on the concentration of ethylene measured by the first concentration sensor 4A, the applied voltage is kept constant and the carbon dioxide supply amount is increased or decreased to control the carbon dioxide supply amount to be an amount at which the concentration of ethylene measured by the first concentration sensor 4A becomes a maximum value.

A method for producing one or more hydroxide solids includes providing a catholyte comprising an electrolyte solution; contacting the catholyte with an electroactive mesh cathode to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions, thereby precipitating the one or more hydroxide solid(s); and removing the one or more hydroxide solids from the surface of the mesh where they may deposit.

The disclosure provides for the integration of a fermentation process with at least one electrolysis process, a CO.sub.2 to CO conversion unit, and a C1-generating industrial process. In particular, the disclosure provides process and a system for utilizing electrolysis products, for example H.sub.2 and/or O.sub.2 in a CO.sub.2 to CO conversion unit to improve the process efficiency of at least one of the fermentation processes or the C1-generating industrial process. More particularly, the disclosure provides a process in which H.sub.2 generated by electrolysis is passed to a CO.sub.2 to CO conversion unit to improve the substrate efficiency for a fermentation process, and the O.sub.2 generated by electrolysis process is used to improve the composition of the C1-containing tail gas generated by the C1-generating industrial process.

A fuel production plant includes an electrolysis apparatus; an ethanol generation apparatus that decomposes sugars to generate ethanol and carbon dioxide; and a hydrocarbon generation apparatus that generates hydrocarbons by reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen. The fuel production plant further includes a hydrogen supply part that supplies hydrogen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus, an oxygen supply part that supplies oxygen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus, and a carbon dioxide supply part that supplies carbon dioxide generated in the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus.

An object is to provide a methane synthesis device having as a whole a reduced size and a simplified configuration. A methane synthesis device 100 is composed of respective components from an end plate 2 at the leftmost side to an end plate 23 at the rightmost side and is compactly assembled by fastening plural bolts and nuts to bring these individual components into tightly contact with each other. The components may be divided into a Sabatier reaction unit of signs 3 to 9, a water electrolysis unit of signs 13 to 19, and other components. Hydrogen gas generated in the water electrolysis unit is mixed with carbon dioxide gas and supplied to the Sabatier reaction unit, and methane is synthesized in the Sabatier reaction unit. The size of the device is reduced as a whole and configuration is simplified by integrally stacking the water electrolysis unit, the Sabatier reaction unit, a carbon dioxide supplying unit, and a hydrogen gas supplying unit.

-- An electrolysis cell unit capable of efficiently electrolyzing water and carbon dioxide is obtained. An electrolysis cell unit includes at least an electrolysis cell in which an electrode layer and a counter electrode layer are formed with an electrolyte layer interposed therebetween and a discharge path for discharging hydrogen generated in the electrode layer, in which the electrolysis cell being formed in a thin layer on a support and a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit that generates carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide and the hydrogen by a reverse water-gas shift reaction being provided in at least a portion of the discharge path.--

A hydrogen permeable membrane comprises a dense layer of a hydrogen permeable metal having first and second faces. The first face of the dense layer has a rough surface which may be formed for example by electrodeposition of a hydrogen permeable metal such as palladium. One or more co-catalysts are provided on the rough surface. The co-catalysts may comprise thin sputtered layers. The one or more co-catalysts have an area density not exceeding 20 .Math.g per cm.sup.2; and/or a majority of the co catalysts are in an outer portion of the rough surface, the outer portion of the rough surface being less than one half of a thickness of the rough surface defined by peaks of the rough surface. The membrane may be used in a cell to facilitate chemical reactions including hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions.