Solid oxide electroyzer cell (SOEC) systems and methods that include a stack of electrolyzer cells configured to receive steam and generate a hydrogen and steam exhaust stream, and a steam recycle blower configured to recycle a portion of the hydrogen and steam exhaust stream back to the stack.

A method includes operating a water electrolysis device for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water. A PEM electrolyzer (1) is integrated in a water circuit (4) in the electrolysis device. The water circuit (4) feeds reaction water as well as discharges excess water. The water circuit (4) is lead past the PEM electrolyzer (1) via a bypass conduit (14) on starting up the water electrolysis device.

An electrolytic cell may include a cathode half-cell having a cathode, an anode half-cell having an anode, and a separator that separates the two half-cells from one another and that is permeable to electrolyte present in the half-cells during operation. At least one inlet for electrolyte is provided in a first half-cell of the two half-cells, and at least one outlet for electrolyte and no inlet for electrolyte are provided in the second half-cell such that electrolyte supplied via the at least one inlet is dischargeable via the at least one outlet after passing through the separator. A method can also be utilized to operate such an electrolytic cell. And an electrolyzer may include multiple of such electrolytic cells.

Systems and methods for increasing the concentration of a desired CO.sub.x reduction reaction product are described. In some embodiments, the systems and methods include ethylene purification.

An energy storage system and method employ electrolysis to convert excess electrical energy into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas stored in cryogenic flux capacitor units. When needed, the hydrogen and oxygen are liberated from the CFCs and mixed with supercritical CO.sub.2 and combusted in a combustion chamber without any nitrogen or air present to form a heated mixture of water and sCO2 that drives a turbine that creates energy that is returned to the power grid. The water in the sCO2 mixture is then extracted and returned to a reservoir for electrolysis when needed again, resulting in a closed system for storing electrical energy.

The present invention relates to a photo-electrochemical device for production of a gas, liquid or solid using concentrated electromagnetic irradiation. The device comprises a photovoltaic component configured to generate charge carriers from the concentrated electromagnetic irradiation; and an electrochemical component configured to carry out electrolysis of a reactant. The photovoltaic component contacts the electrochemical component at a solid interface to form an integrated photo-electrochemical device; and further includes at least one reactant channel or a plurality of reactant channels extending between the photovoltaic component and the electrochemical component to transfer heat and the reactant from the photovoltaic component to the electrochemical component. The integrated photo-electrochemical device and auxiliary devices (such as concentrator, flow controllers) build a system which can flexibly react to changes in operating condition and guarantee best performance.

A method for producing a carbon-monoxide-rich gas product, in which method at least carbon dioxide is subjected to electrolysis, so as to obtain an untreated gas comprising at least carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and in which method the untreated gas is subjected to a separation process, which comprises an adsorption and membrane separation, so as to obtain a recycling stream, which comprises the major part of the carbon dioxide contained in the untreated gas, a residual gas, and the carbon-monoxide-rich gas product. A plant for carrying out such a method is also proposed.

Embodiments relate to systems and methods for gas delivery for personal medical consumption having safety features. A hydrogen or oxygen gas delivery system herein can include electrolytic cores performing electrolysis-based reactions, and obtain free hydrogen (H2) gas for collection and delivery to a user. In aspects, the electrolytic core(s) can be scaled to produce a sufficient amount of hydrogen (H2) or oxygen (O2) gas so that the user can ingest that gas directly, without a need for storage. The system can be portable, and configured with a delivery tube for transmitting hydrogen or oxygen gas to a user. While safety risks are generally minimal, the system can be configured with sensors to detect fault conditions or hazards such as combustion or overpressure, which can only be caused by deliberate user action to expose gaseous products to flame or spark, and even then would not be likely to trigger violent combustion.

An ammonia manufacturing apparatus includes: an electrochemical reaction unit including a first electrolytic bath for accommodating a first electrolytic solution, an oxidation electrode disposed in the first electrolytic bath, a second electrolytic bath for accommodating a second electrolytic solution containing nitrogen, an ammonia producing catalyst, and a reducing agent, a reduction electrode disposed in the second electrolytic bath, and a diaphragm, and configured to reduce nitrogen by the ammonia producing catalyst and the reducing agent in the second electrolytic bath to produce ammonia, and reduce the reducing agent oxidized due to the production of ammonia, at the reduction electrode by connecting the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode to a power supply; a nitrogen supply unit including a nitrogen supply part for dissolving nitrogen in the second electrolytic solution; and an ammonia separation unit including a separation part configured to separate ammonia from the second electrolytic solution.

A process for preparing ammonia via an electrolysis cell may involve feeding nitrogen as a first reactant into the electrolysis cell and using water or water vapor as a second reactant for electrolysis. In at least one step downstream of the electrolysis, there is a separation of other components from the ammonia, such as an at-least-partial separation of nitrogen, water, argon and/or hydrogen. Recovery of the reactants is connected upstream of the ammonia electrolysis. The nitrogen used as the first reactant may be procured beforehand in an air fractionation plant. The process may further involve removing from the electrolysis cell oxygen formed as a by-product in the electrolysis at an anode.