Embodiments are directed to the formation micro-scale or millimeter scale structures or methods of making such structures wherein the structures are formed from at least one sheet structural material and may include additional sheet structural materials or deposited structural materials wherein all or a portion of the patterning of the structural materials occurs via laser cutting. In some embodiments, selective deposition is used to provide a portion of the patterning. In some embodiments the structural material or structural materials are bounded from below by a sacrificial bridging material (e.g. a metal) and possibly from above by a sacrificial capping material (e.g. a metal).

A multi-walled pipe and a method for its manufacture involves a steel sheet forming a steel source layer to which a nickel source layer is applied on at least one or both sides. A solder source layer is applied to the one nickel source layer, or one of the two, or both, nickel source layers. The multi-walled pipe is formed from a strip of the coated metal sheet by rolling. The walls of the pipe are soldered by heating. In one form, the heating takes place by radiation. In another, it takes place by induction.

A method used to repair a workpiece through a combination of laser and an electrochemical reaction is provided. A tool anode is arranged on the back side of the workpiece and is spaced therefrom. A laser beam is focused on an outer surface of the workpiece to realize localized repairing on the back side. The method realizes localized coating repairing on the back side of the workpiece through coordination between the thermal effect of the laser and the electrochemical deposition based on the characteristic of high thermal conductivity of the workpiece. The electrodeposition reaction does not occur in regions that do not need to be repaired. The operating process is simple, the cost of the plating solution is largely reduced, and the problem that the coating on the inner wall of the thin-walled workpiece is difficult to repair due to stripping is solved.

An electroplating apparatus is provided that minimizes unplated regions when an alloy plating layer is provided on the surface of a thread on a steel pipe. An electroplating apparatus (10) includes an electrode (1), sealing members (2, 3), and a plating-solution supply unit (4). The electrode (1) faces the thread (Tm). The sealing member (2) is positioned within the steel pipe (P1). The sealing member (3) is attached to the end portion of the steel pipe (P1) and, together with the sealing member (2), forms a receiving space (8). The plating-solution supply unit (4) includes a plurality of nozzles (42). The nozzles (42) are positioned within the receiving space (8) and adjacent one end of the thread (Tm) and arranged around the pipe axis of the steel pipe (P1). The plating-solution supply unit (4) injects a plating solution between the thread (Tm) and electrode (1) through the nozzles (42). The direction in which plating solution is injected from the nozzles (42) is inclined at an angle larger than 20 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees toward the thread (Tm) relative to a plane perpendicular to the pipe axis.

A multiplicity of sleeve subassemblies each include an electrically insulative portion, and are configured to support an electrical contact having a socket. Each insulative portion has a socket bore and at least one radial aperture extending radially outward therefrom. The sleeve subassemblies are transported across a plating bath whereby at least a lower segment of the insulative portions become submerged in plating solution. The socket bore maskingly engages the contact, thereby substantially preventing plating solution from contacting the outer surface of the socket. The radial apertures facilitate the continuous flow of plating solution through each socket so as to enable selective plating of the socket inner surface. The sleeve subassemblies may be formed from mutually-engageable half-sleeves conveyed on separate closed-loop transport belts so as to facilitate efficient loading, plating and release of the electrical contacts. The radial apertures may take on various forms, including holes, circumferential slits or vertical slits.

A method and device for electrodeposition in cylindrical geometry. A method for electrochemically depositing a thin layer on a flexible substrate, comprising: providing, in an electrolysis bath, a first closed cylinder in a second hollow cylinder, applying the flexible substrate to one of the surfaces chosen from the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second, the flexible substrate forming a first electrode, providing, in the electrolysis bath, a second electrode, and applying a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode in order to electrodeposit the thin layer on the flexible substrate.

The present invention provides a plating apparatus capable of individually controlling a plating process on a front surface and a back surface of a substrate and a substrate holder usable for such a plating apparatus. A substrate holder for holding a substrate which is a plating target during a plating process is provided and such a substrate holder includes a body part for holding the substrate, provided with a first opening and a second opening, the body part is configured such that when the body part holds the substrate, a plated region on the front surface of the substrate is exposed through the first opening and a plated region on the back surface of the substrate is exposed through the second opening and a sealing part that protrudes from a peripheral portion is included in at least part of the peripheral portion of the body part.

Methods for producing steel components with well-adhering metallic coatings that provide protection from corrosion offer flexibility in processing qualities. In one example, a flat steel product comprising a steel material that is hardenable by quenching in a hot forming operation and that has a yield point of 150-1100 MPa and a tensile strength of 300-1200 MPa may be coated electrolytically with a thin zinc layer. From the flat steel product, a blank may then be obtained that is heated directly to at least 800 C. and then formed into the steel component. Alternatively, the blank may initially be formed into the steel component and then heated to at least 800 C. Either way, the steel component may then be hardened by sufficiently rapid cooling from a sufficiently high temperature.

Method and apparatus are provided for electroplating a surface area of an internal wall defining a cooling cavity present in a gas turbine engine airfoil component.

Disclosed are a reflective light-emitting film, preparation method and use thereof. The reflective light-emitting film has a layered structure comprising the following sequentially disposed layers: a reflective layer (2) formed by adhering, via an adhesive, a plurality of optical elements (1) therein; an attached layer (3) attached to a surface of a substrate; and a light-emitting color layer (4). The light-emitting element can be electroplated to reflect multi-color light. The attached layer (3) has a luminescent powder and a color or a first pattern applied or printed thereon to form the light-emitting color layer (4), or a surface of the reflective layer (2) has the luminescent powder and the color or the first pattern applied or printed thereon to form the light-emitting color layer (4). The reflective light-emitting film can reflect light and absorb light when illuminated. As the reflective light-emitting film can emit light after absorbing light, the reflective light-emitting film can emit light with or without being illuminated. Moreover, the reflective light-emitting film can reflect multi-color light when illuminated and produce an image-changing effect corresponding to a variation in an illumination distance, brightness and an observation angle, thereby providing a satisfactory light-reflecting effect and light-emitting effect, improving a warning effect and security, and enhancing an anti-counterfeit effect and aesthetic appeal.