A plating apparatus 1000 includes a plating tank 10 and a substrate holder 30. The plating tank includes an anode 11 arranged in an anode chamber 13. The substrate holder is arranged above the anode chamber and configured to hold a substrate Wf as a cathode. The anode has a cylindrical shape extending in a vertical direction. The plating apparatus further includes a gas accumulation portion 60 and a discharge mechanism 70. The gas accumulation portion is disposed in the anode chamber so as to have a space between the anode and the gas accumulation portion. The gas accumulation portion covers an upper end, an outer peripheral surface, and an inner peripheral surface of the anode to accumulate a process gas generated from the anode. The discharge mechanism is configured to discharge the process gas accumulated in the gas accumulation portion to outside of the plating tank.

Disclosed are a substrate for a solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same. The method include putting negative and positive electrodes facing away from each other into suspension in which at least two different types of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers are dispersed; applying a voltage across the positive and negative electrodes such that the cellulose fibers are adsorbed onto a surface of the negative electrode; and drying the negative electrode having the cellulose fibers adsorbed thereon.

An apparatus for manufacturing an electrolytic copper foil includes an electrolytic bath defining a cavity for receiving an electrolyte; an internal drum partially disposed in the cavity; an outer drum in contact with a surface of the internal drum; a counter electrode positioned in the cavity of the electrolytic bath and positioned to be spaced apart from the internal drum by a predetermined distance; and a power supply unit electrically connecting the internal drum and the counter electrode.

An apparatus for manufacturing an electrolytic copper foil includes an electrolytic bath defining a cavity for receiving an electrolyte; an internal drum partially disposed in the cavity; an outer drum in contact with a surface of the internal drum; a counter electrode positioned in the cavity of the electrolytic bath and positioned to be spaced apart from the internal drum by a predetermined distance; and a power supply unit electrically connecting the internal drum and the counter electrode.

A high-strength coatings and methods of fabrication to yield single-crystal-like nickel containing nanotwins and stacking faults.

A plating apparatus 1 includes a substrate holder 10, a first electrode, a second electrode and a voltage applying unit 30. The substrate holder 10 is configured to hold a substrate. The first electrode is electrically connected to the substrate. The second electrode is configured to scan with respect to a front surface of the substrate. The voltage applying unit 30 is configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. A first discharge opening 23 configured to discharge a plating liquid L1 and a second discharge opening 24 configured to discharge a cleaning liquid L2 are formed in a bottom surface 22a of the second electrode.

An electroplating system includes a tank functioning as an anode, wherein the tank is configured in a horizontal orientation having a length greater than its height, a component part disposed within the tank and functioning as a cathode, an electrical connection, coupled to the anode and cathode, for providing an electric current, and a supply line for delivering an electrolytic fluid to within the tank.

An electroplating system includes a tank functioning as an anode, wherein the tank is configured in a horizontal orientation having a length greater than its height, a component part disposed within the tank and functioning as a cathode, an electrical connection, coupled to the anode and cathode, for providing an electric current, and a supply line for delivering an electrolytic fluid to within the tank.

A method of making an electrical component includes transmitting electrical energy from a power source through one or more deposition anodes, through an electrolyte solution, and to an intralayer electrical-connection feature of a build plate, such that material is electrochemically deposited onto the intralayer electrical-connection feature and forms an interlayer electrical-connection feature. The method also includes securing a dielectric material so that the dielectric material contacts and electrically insulates the intralayer electrical-connection feature and contacts and at least partially electrically insulates the interlayer electrical-connection feature. The method additionally includes depositing a seed layer onto the dielectric material and the interlayer electrical-connection feature, electrochemically depositing material onto the seed layer, to form at least one second intralayer electrical-connection feature of the electrical component, and removing any one or more portions of the seed layer onto which no portion of the at least one second intralayer electrical-connection feature is formed.

A method of making an electrical component includes transmitting electrical energy from a power source through one or more deposition anodes, through an electrolyte solution, and to an intralayer electrical-connection feature of a build plate, such that material is electrochemically deposited onto the intralayer electrical-connection feature and forms an interlayer electrical-connection feature. The method also includes securing a dielectric material so that the dielectric material contacts and electrically insulates the intralayer electrical-connection feature and contacts and at least partially electrically insulates the interlayer electrical-connection feature. The method additionally includes depositing a seed layer onto the dielectric material and the interlayer electrical-connection feature, electrochemically depositing material onto the seed layer, to form at least one second intralayer electrical-connection feature of the electrical component, and removing any one or more portions of the seed layer onto which no portion of the at least one second intralayer electrical-connection feature is formed.