The invention provides methods and tools, for example, glycan arrays, for the analysis of glycans and anti-glycan antibodies. Embodiments of the invention may be used to detect proteins, antibodies, diseases and/or pathogenic agents. In other embodiments, methods of the invention are used to develop or optimize arrays and antibodies.

The invention provides methods and tools, for example, glycan arrays, for the analysis of glycans and anti-glycan antibodies. Embodiments of the invention may be used to detect proteins, antibodies, diseases and/or pathogenic agents. In other embodiments, methods of the invention are used to develop or optimize arrays and antibodies.

The invention provides methods and tools, for example, glycan arrays, for the analysis of glycans and anti-glycan antibodies. Embodiments of the invention may be used to detect proteins, antibodies, diseases and/or pathogenic agents. In other embodiments, methods of the invention are used to develop or optimize arrays and antibodies.

The invention provides methods and tools, for example, glycan arrays, for the analysis of glycans and anti-glycan antibodies. Embodiments of the invention may be used to detect proteins, antibodies, diseases and/or pathogenic agents. In other embodiments, methods of the invention are used to develop or optimize arrays and antibodies.

Aluminum coated glass slides provide a novel glycan array platform. Specifically, aluminum coated glass slides increase sensitivity of fluorescent based assay methods. Additionally, aluminum coated glass slides allows for mass spectroscopic analysis of carbohydrates and provide a platform for examining activity of cellulases. The unique properties of ACG slides include: the metal oxide layer on the surface can be activated for grafting organic compounds such as modified oligosaccharides; the surface remains electrically conductive, and the grafted oligosaccharides can be simultaneously characterized by mass spectrometry and carbohydrate-binding assay; and the slides are more sensitive than transparent glass slides in binding analysis.

Aluminum coated glass slides provide a novel glycan array platform. Specifically, aluminum coated glass slides increase sensitivity of fluorescent based assay methods. Additionally, aluminum coated glass slides allows for mass spectroscopic analysis of carbohydrates and provide a platform for examining activity of cellulases. The unique properties of ACG slides include: the metal oxide layer on the surface can be activated for grafting organic compounds such as modified oligosaccharides; the surface remains electrically conductive, and the grafted oligosaccharides can be simultaneously characterized by mass spectrometry and carbohydrate-binding assay; and the slides are more sensitive than transparent glass slides in binding analysis.

The present invention includes a multivalent glycan microarray for detection of glycan-binding proteins. The multivalent glycan microarray allows a multivalent presentation of glycan on a microarray substrate, which can enhance binding of the glycan binding protein to the glycan microarray. The multivalent microarray includes a solid substrate having one or more branched polymers bonded to it via one or more silane-based linker reagents. The branched polymer in turn is bonded to a glycan, via one or more bifunctional linkers to form the multivalent glycan microarray. Nonspecific binding of glycan binding proteins to the multivalent glycan microarray can be reduced by using a blocking reagent coated on to the microarray substrate, which includes a polyethylene glycol surfactant attached to the solid substrate via a self-crosslinking azido-functionalized silane. Methods for making multivalent glycan microarrays and methods for using same to detect glycan-binding proteins are also disclosed.

Aluminum coated glass slides provide a novel glycan array platform. Specifically, aluminum coated glass slides increase sensitivity of fluorescent based assay methods. Additionally, aluminum coated glass slides allows for mass spectroscopic analysis of carbohydrates and provide a platform for examining activity of cellulases. The unique properties of ACG slides include: 1) the metal oxide layer on the surface can be activated for grafting organic compounds such as modified oligosaccharides; 2) the surface remains electrically conductive, and the grafted oligosaccharides can be simultaneously characterized by mass spectrometry and carbohydrate-binding assay; and 3) the slides are more sensitive than transparent glass slides in binding analysis.

Aluminum coated glass slides provide a novel glycan array platform. Specifically, aluminum coated glass slides increase sensitivity of fluorescent based assay methods. Additionally, aluminum coated glass slides allows for mass spectroscopic analysis of carbohydrates and provide a platform for examining activity of cellulases. The unique properties of ACG slides include: 1) the metal oxide layer on the surface can be activated for grafting organic compounds such as modified oligosaccharides; 2) the surface remains electrically conductive, and the grafted oligosaccharides can be simultaneously characterized by mass spectrometry and carbohydrate-binding assay; and 3) the slides are more sensitive than transparent glass slides in binding analysis.

A composition can include a nanostructure, and a linker associated with the nanostructure, wherein the linker is configured to interact with a capture protein. The nanostructure can include a single-walled carbon nanotube. A plurality of the compositions can be configured in an array.