A differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes a seal member, which is sandwiched between a cathode side separator and a membrane electrode assembly, and surrounds a cathode electrode catalyst layer, and a pressure resistant member surrounding the seal member from an outer side thereof. A surface pressure applying member is interposed between the seal member and the pressure resistant member. The surface pressure applying member receives a pressing force from the seal member, and applies pressure to the membrane electrode assembly.

A hydrogen-supplying breathable layer in the present disclosure comprises: a thin layer wrapping a hydrogen-producing formula inside, having an airtight outer side as well as an air-permeable inner side on which a plurality of micro pores are opened and featuring a monolayer or a composite layer; a hydrogen-producing formula wrapped inside the thin layer and not dissipated but absorbing moistures in air or liquid water for generation of hydrogen; hydrogen permeating a plurality of micro pores and released to skin and intra-corporal parts. The hydrogen-producing formula in the hydrogen-supplying breathable layer comprises metal peroxides (metal hydroxides or metal hydrides) and aluminum powders (or silica powders); the breathable layer is applicable to a dressing pack or other sanitary paraphernalia in daily lives for relieving non-bacteria inflammations and promoting health care effects.

A radiolytic electrochemical system that comprises a cathode, an anode that comprises a semiconductor, an aqueous electrolyte solution disposed between the cathode and anode, and ionizing radiation, wherein the ionizing radiation splits water molecules via radiolysis and forms solvated free radicals that migrate to the anode or cathode, depending upon a radical's charge, and participate in redox reactions at the anode and cathode thereby producing electrical current capable of performing work when the anode and cathode are electrically connected.

A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to process water to produce gas that can be separated into at least two gas flows using a water treatment system having a disk-pack rotating in it to cause out gassing from the water. In a further embodiment, the method and system use the gas released from the water to produce substantially fresh water from the processed salt water.

A method for producing a transparent electrode for oxygen production having a Ta nitride layer on a transparent substrate, including: a step of forming a Ta nitride precursor layer on the transparent substrate; and a step of nitriding the Ta nitride precursor layer with a mixed gas containing ammonia and a carrier gas.

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions.

A thermal inverter for generating from a parent compound a first fluid of first molecules (H.sub.2) with a first molecular weight and a second fluid of second molecules (O.sub.2) with a second molecular weight. The molecular weight of the first molecules is less than the molecular weight of the second molecules. In a reaction device the parent compound is decomposed into a mixture compound of the first and second molecules. The thermal inverter has a gas separator device having a mixture inlet at a bottom section for the mixture compound of the first and second molecules and first and second outlets at a top section. The first outlet providing substantially the first molecules and the second outlet providing substantially the second molecules. The gas separator device has guiding elements which guides the molecules from the mixture inlet towards the first and second outlets in a coiled path which is confined by a sidewall.

A zero-emission, closed-loop and hybrid solar-produced syngas power cycle is introduced utilizing an oxygen transport reactor (OTR). The fuel is syngas produced within the cycle. The separated oxygen inside the OTR through the ion transport membrane (ITM) is used in the syngas-oxygen combustion process in the permeate side of the OTR. The combustion products in the permeate side of the OTR are CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O. The combustion gases are used in a turbine for power production and energy utilization then a condenser is used to separate H.sub.2O from CO.sub.2. CO.sub.2 is compressed to the feed side of the OTR. H.sub.2O is evaporated after separation from CO.sub.2 and fed to the feed side of the OTR.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for generating electric power via conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen. According to an aspect, a method includes applying super-heated steam across a catalyst surface within a catalyst chamber to generate ionized steam plasma. The method further includes forming an anode and a cathode between molecules of the ionized steam plasma. The method also includes using the anode and the cathode to generate electricity.

The present invention discloses a synthetic ammonia system for making hydrogen by electrolysis in a thermal power plant includes an electrolytic hydrogen making device and a synthetic ammonia equipment; a power input end of the electrolytic hydrogen making device is electrically connected with a power generation output end of the thermal power plant; a hydrogen output end of the electrolysis hydrogen making device is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the synthetic ammonia equipment, a nitrogen inlet of the synthetic ammonia equipment is connected with a nitrogen source, the synthetic ammonia equipment is used for using the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis hydrogen making device and nitrogen of the nitrogen source to synthesize ammonia; an ammonia output end of the synthetic ammonia equipment is communicated to an ammonia supply pipeline and/or a liquid ammonia tank of the thermal power plant.