According to the present invention, there is provided a recording medium comprising a substrate, a platinum layer formed on the substrate and having a (111) plane preferentially oriented, and a fullerene single crystal thin film formed on the platinum layer, and configured to be a recording layer, wherein an average value of average surface roughness Ra's with respect to four or more visual fields measured by using an atomic force microscope in a surface of the fullerene thin film is 0.5 nm or less.

A method termed “superacid-surfactant exchange” (S2E) for the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous solutions. This S2E method enables nondestructive dispersion of carbon nanomaterials (including single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and graphene) at rapidly and at large scale in aqueous solution without a requirement for expensive or complicated equipment. Dispersed carbon nanotubes obtained from this method feature long length, low defect density, high electrical conductivity, and in the case of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, bright photoluminescence in the near-infrared.

A method termed “superacid-surfactant exchange” (S2E) for the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous solutions. This S2E method enables nondestructive dispersion of carbon nanomaterials (including single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and graphene) at rapidly and at large scale in aqueous solution without a requirement for expensive or complicated equipment. Dispersed carbon nanotubes obtained from this method feature long length, low defect density, high electrical conductivity, and in the case of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, bright photoluminescence in the near-infrared.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, kits, and methods for treating a subject with a disease or condition by administering a composition comprising fullerenes to the subject such that H2S is generated in said subject. In certain embodiments, the disease or condition is associated with inflammation and/or below normal H2S levels. In certain embodiments, the fullerenes are polyhydroxy fullerenes (PHFs).

The present Invention relates to an organic light emitting device comprising: (i) an anode; (ii) a cathode; (iii) at least one light emitting layer arranged between the anode and the cathode; (iv) optionally a first hole injection layer comprising a first hole injection compound, the first hole injection layer being arranged between the anode and the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer being adjacent to the anode; (v) a first hole transport layer comprising a first hole transport matrix compound wherein the first hole transport layer is arranged a) between the first hole injection layer and the light emitting layer and adjacent to the first hole injection layer; or b) between the anode and the light emitting layer and adjacent to the anode; (vi) a second hole injection layer arranged between the first hole transport layer and the light emitting layer, wherein the second hole injection layer is adjacent to the first hole transport layer and wherein the second hole injection layer comprises a second hole injection compound; wherein the second hole injection compound is a halo-genated fullerene, a partially or fully halogenated metal complex or a mixture thereof.

The present invention provides a method for producing a substance with a modified carbon allotrope surface that can suppress or prevent uneven distribution, uneven orientation, and the like of a structural analysis target substance in a structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy. A method for producing a substance with a modified carbon allotrope surface of the present invention includes: the step of surface-treating by reacting a carbon allotrope surface with a halogen oxide radical, wherein the carbon allotrope surface is modified by the surface-treating.

The present invention provides a method for producing a substance with a modified carbon allotrope surface that can suppress or prevent uneven distribution, uneven orientation, and the like of a structural analysis target substance in a structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy. A method for producing a substance with a modified carbon allotrope surface of the present invention includes: the step of surface-treating by reacting a carbon allotrope surface with a halogen oxide radical, wherein the carbon allotrope surface is modified by the surface-treating.

Implementations set forth herein relate to systems, methods, and apparatuses associated with fullerene-containing materials. In some implementations, a fullerene-containing material is disposed over a substrate of a smoke-able product in order to inhibit an allergic response (e.g., coughing) from a user who smokes or otherwise ingests the smoke-able product. Various fullerene-containing materials can be generated using a carbon substance that undergoes one or more process operations in order for fullerene molecules to be available for inclusion in the various materials. In some implementations, one or more other fullerene-containing materials can be generated through an at least partially organic process of feeding a particular plant a fullerene-containing plant food.

Implementations set forth herein relate to systems, methods, and apparatuses associated with fullerene-containing materials. In some implementations, a fullerene-containing material is disposed over a substrate of a smoke-able product in order to inhibit an allergic response (e.g., coughing) from a user who smokes or otherwise ingests the smoke-able product. Various fullerene-containing materials can be generated using a carbon substance that undergoes one or more process operations in order for fullerene molecules to be available for inclusion in the various materials. In some implementations, one or more other fullerene-containing materials can be generated through an at least partially organic process of feeding a particular plant a fullerene-containing plant food.

A method for separating a metallofullerene M@C.sub.82, comprises steps of: a) adding a Lewis acid to an extract containing the metallofullerene M@C.sub.82 to react therewith, producing a complex precipitate; b) washing the precipitate, followed by dissolving and filtering to obtain a purified metallofullerene M@C.sub.82 extract, wherein M is one or more selected from the group consisting of lanthanide metals Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, and Lu; and the Lewis acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, nickel chloride, copper chloride, zinc bromide, nickel bromide, and copper bromide.