The present invention relates to catalysts or catalytic systems comprising liquid metals, and in particular, to catalysts or catalytic systems comprising liquid metals droplets dispersed in a solvent, as well as to methods and uses of such catalysts or catalytic systems. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a ‘green’ carbon capture and conversion technology offering scalability and economic viability for mitigating CO.sub.2 emissions.

Systems and methods for eliminating carbon dioxide and capturing solid carbon are disclosed. By eliminating carbon dioxide gas, e.g., from an effluent exhaust stream of a fossil fuel fired electric power production facility, the inventive concepts presented herein represent an environmentally-clean solution that permanently eliminates greenhouse gases while at the same time producing captured solid carbon products that are useful in various applications including advanced composite material synthesis (e.g., carbon fiber, 3D graphene) and energy storage (e.g., battery technology). Capture of solid carbon during the disclosed process for eliminating greenhouse gasses avoids the inefficiencies and risks associated with conventional carbon dioxide sequestration. Colocation of the disclosed reactor with a fossil fuel fired power production facility brings to bear an environmentally beneficial, and financially viable approach for permanently capturing vast amounts of solid carbon from carbon dioxide gas and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise be released into Earth's biosphere.

A conductive material, and a method for preparing the same are provided. The conductive material has a structure where a plurality of graphene sheets are interconnected, wherein an oxygen content is 1 wt % or higher based on the total weight of the conductive material, and a D/G peak ratio is 2.0 or less when the Raman spectrum is measured.

A conductive material, and a method for preparing the same are provided. The conductive material has a structure where a plurality of graphene sheets are interconnected, wherein an oxygen content is 1 wt % or higher based on the total weight of the conductive material, and a D/G peak ratio is 2.0 or less when the Raman spectrum is measured.

Systems and method for producing graphene on a substrate are described. Certain types of exemplar systems include lateral arrangements of a substrate gas scavenging environment and an annealing environment. Certain other types of exemplar systems include lateral arrangements of a graphene producing environment and a cooling environment, which cools the graphene produced on the substrate. Yet other types of exemplar systems include lateral arrangements of a localized annealing environment, localized graphene producing environment and a localized cooling environment inside the same enclosure.

Certain type of exemplar methods for producing graphene on a substrate include scavenging a first portion of the substrate and preferably, contemporaneously annealing a second portion of the substrate. Certain other type of exemplar methods for producing graphene include novel annealing techniques and/or implementing temperature profiles and gas flow rate profiles that vary as a function of lateral distance and/or cooling graphene after producing it.

The embodiments herein provide a system and a method for the synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) for use in applications like nano-electronics, photonics, bio-imaging, energy storage, quantum computing, etc. Cu substrate is placed inside the CVD tube, and the CVD Chamber is sealed. The process parameters for CVD process are set up. Precursor gases injected inside the tube are dissociated to form carbon dimers and trimmers. Upon cooling semi-crystalline carbon film deposits inside the CVD tube. Oxidizing gas mixture is injected to convert amorphous C in semi-crystalline carbon film to CO.sub.2/CO. Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) so formed are carried with the gas flow and deposited at the cooler end of tube. The scrapper assembly is inserted in the CVD Tube and the reagent is sprayed inside the tube to disperse these GQDs in the reagent. This dispersion is pumped out of the CVD Chamber.

A process of controlling the morphology of graphite in a process for the production of graphite, the process comprising: contacting at elevated temperature, a metal-containing catalyst with a hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and carbon; wherein the temperature is between 600° C. and 1000° C. and a pressure between 0 bar(g) and 100 bar(g), and wherein both the temperature and the pressure are set within predetermined value ranges to selectively synthesise graphitic material with a desired morphology.

A process of controlling the morphology of graphite in a process for the production of graphite, the process comprising: contacting at elevated temperature, a metal-containing catalyst with a hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and carbon; wherein the temperature is between 600° C. and 1000° C. and a pressure between 0 bar(g) and 100 bar(g), and wherein both the temperature and the pressure are set within predetermined value ranges to selectively synthesise graphitic material with a desired morphology.

Provided are methods for synthesizing a graphene gel. In embodiments, such a method comprises flowing a graphene oxide composition comprising graphene oxide and a solvent, the solvent having a boiling point higher than pure water, through a reaction chamber under conditions to deoxygenate the graphene oxide and induce gelation to form a graphene gel suspended in the solvent and flowing through the reaction chamber.

A system and process for producing doped carbon nanomaterials is disclosed. A carbonate electrolyte including a doping component is provided during the electrolysis between an anode and a cathode immersed in carbonate electrolyte contained in a cell. The carbonate electrolyte is heated to a molten state. An electrical current is applied to the anode, and cathode, to the molten carbonate electrolyte disposed between the anode and cathode. A morphology element maximizes carbon nanotubes, versus graphene versus carbon nano-onion versus hollow carbon nano-sphere nanomaterial product. The resulting carbon nanomaterial growth is collected from the cathode of the cell.