A processing facility is provided. The processing facility includes an asphaltenes and metals (AM) removal system configured to process a feed stream to produce a power generation stream, a hydroprocessing feed stream, and an asphaltenes stream. A power generation system is fed by the power generation feed stream. A hydroprocessing system is configured to process the hydroprocessing feed stream to form a gas stream and a liquid stream. A hydrogen production system is configured to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the gas feed stream. A carbon dioxide conversion system is configured to produce synthetic hydrocarbons from the carbon dioxide, and a cracking system is configured to process the liquid feed stream.

Bifunctional catalyst compositions, methods, and systems are provided for the use of CO.sub.2 as a soft oxidizing agent to effectively convert low-value small alkanes to high-value small olefins. The bifunctional catalyst comprises a metal oxide catalyst and a redox-active ceramic support.

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems and related methods. The systems include a hydrogen-producing region configured to produce a mixed gas stream from a feedstock stream, a hydrogen-separation membrane module having at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and configured to separate the mixed gas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, and an oxidant delivery system configured to deliver an oxidant-containing stream to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to increase hydrogen permeance of the hydrogen-selective membrane. The methods include operating a hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a hydrogen-producing regime, and subsequently operating the hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a restoration regime, in which an oxidant-containing stream is delivered to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to expose the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane to the oxidant-containing stream to increase the hydrogen permeance of the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

The invention relates to a method for separating gases which comprises: a first step in which a gas fuel stream comprising combustible substances that produce gas products when oxidised, and an oxygen-rich inlet stream are passed through at least two modules of oxygen-separating ceramic membranes, such that the two streams come into contact through the membranes and exchange heat; a second step of selective diffusion of oxygen from the oxygen-rich stream to the fuel stream, such that the outlet streams from the membrane modules are an oxygen-depleted or completely oxygen-free stream and a partially or completely oxidised stream; and a third step of recovery of at least two separate outlet streams of at least two gases selected from oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Methods and devices and aspects thereof for generating power using PEM fuel cell power systems comprising a rotary bed (or rotatable) reactor for hydrogen generation are disclosed. Hydrogen is generated by the hydrolysis of fuels such as lithium aluminum hydride and mixtures thereof. Water required for hydrolysis may be captured from the fuel cell exhaust. Water is preferably fed to the reactor in the form of a mist generated by an atomizer. An exemplary 750 We-h, 400 We PEM fuel cell power system may be characterized by a specific energy of about 550 We-h/kg and a specific power of about 290 We/kg. Turbidity fixtures within the reactor increase turbidity of fuel pellets within the reactor and improve the energy density of the system.

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems and related methods. The systems include a hydrogen-producing region configured to produce a mixed gas stream from a feedstock stream, a hydrogen-separation membrane module having at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and configured to separate the mixed gas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, and an oxidant delivery system configured to deliver an oxidant-containing stream to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to increase hydrogen permeance of the hydrogen-selective membrane. The methods include operating a hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a hydrogen-producing regime, and subsequently operating the hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a restoration regime, in which an oxidant-containing stream is delivered to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to expose the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane to the oxidant-containing stream to increase the hydrogen permeance of the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

A method of providing a fuel includes providing renewable hydrogen, selectively directing at least a portion of the renewable hydrogen to one or more hydroprocessing units in a fuel production facility, and hydrogenating crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in the one or more hydroprocessing units using the renewable hydrogen. The renewable content of a product produced by the one or more hydroprocessing units can be determined by measuring a flow of the hydrogen feedstock, a flow of the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, and/or a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the product. The selective direction of the renewable hydrogen can increase the volume of renewable content in liquid transportation fuels.

A method and a system for the coproduction of hydrogen, electrical power, and heat energy. An exemplary method includes desulfurizing a feed stream to form a desulfurized feed stream, reforming the desulfurized feed stream to form a methane rich gas, and providing the methane rich gas to a membrane separator. A hydrogen stream is produced in a permeate from the membrane separator. A retentate stream from the membrane separator is provided to a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Electrical power is produced in the SOFC from the retentate stream.

The present disclosure relates to a low temperature method for the production of pure hydrogen using a methane rich stream as raw material, and to perform in-situ catalyst regeneration. The process involves the decomposition of methane into COx-free hydrogen in an electrochemical/chemical membrane/chemical reactor or chemical fluidised reactor. As the methane decomposition reaction progresses, carbon structures (whiskers) are accumulated at the catalyst surface leading eventually to its deactivation. The catalyst regeneration is achieved using a small fraction of the produced hydrogen to react with carbon formed at the catalyst surface provoking the carbon detachment, thus regenerating the catalyst. This is achieved either by chemical/electrochemical methanation of carbon at the catalyst interface with hydrogen/protons or by rising the temperature of the catalyst, ideally keeping the reactor temperature constant. A single compact device is described, enabling the hydrogen production, hydrogen purification and catalyst regeneration.

A photocatalyst suspension reactor for solar fuel formation. The reactor may comprise a shallow pool filled with a first portion of an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution may comprise a solvent, a plurality of redox shuttle molecules, and a plurality of photocatalyst particles. The reactor may further comprise a plurality of tubes disposed on a surface of the shallow pool, each tube of the plurality of tubes comprising an upper half and a lower half. The upper half may comprise a transparent material configured to be minimally permeable to hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The lower half may be configured to be filled with a second portion of the electrolyte solution and comprises an ion bridge material permeable to the plurality of redox shuttle molecules and minimally permeable to the plurality of photocatalyst particles.