A syngas stage, for use in a chemical plant, is provided, which includes a methanation section and an autothermal reforming section. The syngas stage makes effective utilization of CO2 rich stream and H2 rich stream. The syngas stage may include an external feed of hydrocarbons. A method for producing a syngas stream is also provided.

A solar-driven methanol reforming system for hydrogen production includes a water storage tank, high-temperature solar collector tubes, a thermocouple, valves, preheaters, an evaporator, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a mixed solution (methanol and water) storage tank, a gas separator, a pump, a carbon dioxide storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, and pipes; the present invention utilizes solar energy to provide heat required for hydrogen production by methanol reforming, and stores some heat in a phase change material to supply heat for the methanol reforming reaction when sunlight is weak; the system does not need additional energy supply, thus saving energy consumption from traditional electric heating or fuel heating.

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.

A system for production of a synthesis gas, including: a synthesis gas generation reactor arranged for producing a first synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feed stream; a post converter including a catalyst active for catalyzing steam methane reforming, methanation and reverse water gas shift reactions; the post converter including a conduit for supplying a CO.sub.2 rich gas stream into a mixing zone of the post converter, where the CO.sub.2 rich gas stream in the conduit upstream the mixing zone is in heat exchange relationship with gas flowing over the catalyst downstream the mixing zone; a pipe combining the at least part of the first synthesis gas and the CO.sub.2 rich gas stream to a mixed gas, in a mixing zone being upstream the catalyst; wherein the post converter further includes an outlet for outletting a product synthesis gas from the post converter. Also, a corresponding process.

A hybrid dehydrogenation reaction system includes: an acid aqueous solution tank having an acid aqueous solution; an exothermic dehydrogenation reactor including a chemical hydride of a solid state and receiving the acid aqueous solution from the acid aqueous solution tank for an exothermic dehydrogenation reaction of the chemical hydride and the acid aqueous solution to generate hydrogen; an LOHC tank including a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC); and an endothermic dehydrogenation reactor receiving the liquid organic hydrogen carrier from the LOHC tank and generating hydrogen through an endothermic dehydrogenation reaction of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier by using heat generated from the exothermic dehydrogenation reactor.

A chemical plant including: a reforming section arranged to receive a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons and provide a combined synthesis gas stream, wherein the reforming section includes: an electrically heated reforming reactor housing a first catalyst, an autothermal reforming reactor in parallel with the electrically heated reforming reactor, wherein the reforming section is arranged to output a combined synthesis gas stream including at least part of the first and/or second synthesis gas streams, an optional post processing unit downstream the reforming section, a gas separation unit arranged to separate a synthesis gas stream into a water condensate and an intermediate synthesis gas, and a downstream section arranged to receive the intermediate synthesis gas and to process the intermediate synthesis gas to a chemical product and an off-gas. Also, a process for producing a chemical product from a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons.

An energy system includes a natural or enhanced geothermal reservoir having a subsurface rock formation and an energy source integrated into the natural or enhanced geothermal reservoir configured to convert heat to energy. The energy source can include at least one of: a hydrogen source included in the subsurface rock formation, a methane or other hydrocarbon gas source, and a dihydrogen sulfide source. The dihydrogen sulfide and the methane or other hydrocarbon gas source can be converted to hydrogen and an associated carbon dioxide or sulfur reaction product can also be sequestered by mineralization in the subsurface rock formation following the conversion.

Disclosed herein is an integrated small and medium-sized natural gas steam reforming reactor comprising a furnace body, a combustion module located outside the furnace body, and a conversion reaction module, a steam generation and superheating module, a medium temperature shift module and a desulfurization module arranged inside the furnace body, wherein the combustion module supplies combustion flue gas into an interior of the furnace body, the interior of the furnace body is partitioned into a plurality of flue cavities by a plurality of high-temperature partition plates, and adjacent flue cavities are communicated via gaps between the high-temperature partition plates and an inner wall of the furnace body, thus forming a flue gas channel that zigzags several times; and the flue cavities and the modules arranged therein sequentially form a conversion unit, a steam generation unit, a medium temperature shift unit and a desulfurization unit.

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.

Integrated process for the synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid including: a) production of an ammonia make-up synthesis gas, comprising steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock under provision of steam reforming heat; catalytic conversion of said make-up synthesis gas into ammonia; catalytic oxidation of a stream of ammonia obtaining a process gas; absorption of said process gas with water obtaining nitric acid, wherein at least a portion of the steam reforming heat is recovered from said hot process gas.