Hydrogen is a useful carbon-neutral fuel that can be used in many applications. Unfortunately, hydrogen is hard to produce cost effectively without additional pollution from the production process. This invention solves the problem of producing hydrogen using a renewable low carbon source. This method uses high temperature heat from a concentrated solar power plant to generate steam from water. The steam can then be used with methane or another starter fuel to produce low carbon hydrogen. Additional steam can be added to boost the hydrogen to carbon ratios.

Systems and methods for molten media pyrolysis for the conversion of methane into hydrogen and carbon-containing particles are disclosed. The systems and methods include the introduction of seed particles into the molten media to facilitate the growth of larger, more manageable carbon-containing particles. Additionally or alternatively, the systems and methods can include increasing the residence time of carbon-containing particles within the molten media to facilitate the growth of larger carbon-containing particles.

A method to produce syngas from a feed oil comprising the steps of increasing a pressure of a slurry catalyst; increasing a temperature of the pressurized slurry stream; increasing a pressure of the feed oil; increasing a temperature of the pressurized feed stream; mixing the hot slurry stream and the hot oil stream; increasing a temperature of the mixed stream in a combined heater to produce a hot mixed stream; maintaining upgrading reactions of hydrocarbons in the supercritical reactor to produce a supercritical effluent; reducing a pressure of the supercritical effluent; separating the depressurized effluent in a separator to produce a gas stream; separating the gas stream to produce a light hydrocarbon stream; mixing the light hydrocarbon stream and a catalyst feed; introducing the hot feed to a steam reformer; maintaining water gas shift reactions of the light hydrocarbon gases in the steam reformer to produce a reformer effluent.

A method is provided for rapidly switching a metal-catalysed steam methane reforming reaction of a feed gas from a first steady-state reaction condition (A) to a second steady-state reaction condition (B) or vice-versa. After applying a given voltage and/or feed gas flow, the system can work towards a thermal equilibration to reach steady state without any additional operator input.

A process for the production of hydrogen by thermal energy based on a closed metal-chloride material cycle, where in the hydrogen release segment the metal is oxidized with hydrochloric acid at room temperature and in the regeneration segment the metal ions are reduced by heat treatment. This is a closed-cycle technological material flow, carried out by use of thermal energy and enables the production of hydrogen at room temperature on the basis of a solid energy carrier represented by metals. The process includes three main technological segments: an oxidation segment in which oxidation of a hydrogen-releasing metal is performed, a regeneration segment in which metal ions are reduced for metal regeneration, and a gaseous HCl capture segment in which gaseous HCl is dissolved in water. The material cycle is closed; there are no emissions or waste. Only water enters the process while hydrogen and oxygen exit.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

Process for cracking hydrocarbon gases, wherein the hydrocarbon gas is passed through a flow channel of an absorptive receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), characterized in that cracking takes place during the passing through the receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), wherein in a first region (21) of the flow channel (2) the hydrocarbon gas is heated to its cracking temperature, in an adjoining second, downstream flow region (22) is heated to beyond its cracking temperature and in a third, further downstream region (23) of the flow channel is heated yet further and is brought therein into physical contact, over the cross-section of said region, with a reaction accelerator, after which the stream of products downstream of the reaction accelerator is discharged from the receiver reactor (1, 30, 40), and wherein the heating of the hydrocarbon gas to above its cracking temperature is achieved by absorption of blackbody radiation (20) which is given off by the reaction accelerator heated by solar radiation (7) incident thereupon to the hydrocarbon gas flowing towards it, in such a way that the hydrocarbon gas in the flow channel (2) and extending up to the reaction accelerator forms disc-shaped, consecutive temperature zones (60 to 67) of ever-increasing temperature extending transversely to the flow channel (2).

Provided is a solid carbon production facility including: a separation facility configured to separate a carbon dioxide gas contained in a produced gas produced by a blast furnace; a reaction facility configured to heat a fuel gas whose main component is a methane gas by using a heating facility and decompose the methane gas into solid carbon and a hydrogen gas; and a production facility configured to cause the carbon dioxide gas separated by the separation facility and the hydrogen gas decomposed by the reaction facility to react with each other to produce solid carbon and water.

A method and system for producing methanol that employs an integrated oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed. The integrated oxygen transport membrane based reforming system carries out a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process, and synthesis gas conditioning to produce synthesis gas having a desired module of between about 2.0 and 2.2 for a methanol production process thereby optimizing the efficiency and productivity of the methanol plant.

A gas generating apparatus generates hydrogen having carbon monoxide concentration of 0.1% or less by reacting hydrogen carbide and water together without requiring a platinum catalyst. The gas generating apparatus includes a gas instantaneously-heating mechanism that instantaneously heats a source gas, and a catalyst vessel connected to the gas instantaneously-heating mechanism and containing a catalyst. A high-temperature heated source gas beam generated by the gas instantaneously-heating mechanism, which contains hydrogen carbide and water, is caused to collide with the catalyst to generate a gas. Heat of the source gas is transmitted to a catalyst surface because of the absence of a stagnation layer, and a non-equilibrium reaction efficiently proceeds on the catalyst. Hydrogen can be extracted with a low-cost ruthenium catalyst.