The present invention is directed to modifications of bitumen and heavy oil upgrading and refining processes to synthesize synthetic crude oil and other valuable synthesized hydrocarbon products in an efficient manner along with the production of commercially valuable co-products from by-products formed by the upgrading process.

Provided is a catalyst structure for a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) dehydrogenation reactor, including a support, a plurality of channels formed on the support in such a manner that the LOHC may flow therethrough, and an LOHC dehydrogenation catalyst that is coated on the inner surfaces of the channels and is in contact with the LOHC to carry out LOHC dehydrogenation, wherein the hydrogen gas generated from the dehydrogenation is discharged along the channels so that the contact area between the LOHC and the LOHC dehydrogenation catalyst may be increased.

The invention relates to a composition that contains a first semiconductor SC1, particles that comprise one or more element(s) M in the metal state selected from among an element of groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA and VA of the periodic table, and a second semiconductor SC2 that comprises cerium oxide, with said first semiconductor SC1 being in direct contact with said particles that comprise one or more element(s) M in the metal state, with said particles being in direct contact with said second semiconductor SC2 that comprises cerium oxide in such a way that the second semiconductor SC2 covers at least 50% of the surfaces of the particles that comprise one or more element(s) M in the metal state. The invention also relates to its preparation method as well as its application of photocatalysis.

A method and apparatus for upgrading heavy oil is described, having a symbiotic relationship between a cracking reactor vessel and a steam reformer vessel. A first portion of an uncracked residue oil stream from the cracking reactor vessel is passed through a heat exchanger positioned within the steam reformer vessel and back to the cracking reactor vessel, such that a heat exchange takes place which heats the uncracked residue oil stream to promote cracking. A second portion of the uncracked residue oil stream from the cracking reactor vessel is injected directly into the steam reformer vessel. That portion of the uncracked residue oil stream not vaporized in the steam reformer vessel is converted into coke which becomes deposited in a fluidized bed of the steam reformer vessel. The fluidized bed activates steam which reacts with the coke to generate hydrogen. Hydrogen from the steam reformer vessel is directed into the cracking reactor vessel to assist with cracking.

The present invention provides a process for producing one or more products for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process comprises treating a cellulosic feedstock in one or more processing steps that release extractives from the feedstock. A solids-liquid separation is subsequently conducted on the process stream comprising the extractives and solids. An aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives may be fed to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas from which one or more impurities may optionally be removed. In various embodiments the process further comprises providing a solids stream to a thermal process. A product produced or derived from the thermal process may displace a product made from fossil fuel. One or more products obtained or derived from at least one of the foregoing process steps are provided for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process enables advantaged fuel credit generation.

A reactive process for converting composite plastic waste into hydrogen gas and a reactor system for effecting such process.

The present disclosure relates generally to portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power. In particular, an electricity generation device for powering a battery comprising a formic acid reservoir containing a liquid consisting of formic acid; a reaction chamber capable of using a catalyst and heat to convert the formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a fuel cell that generates electricity; a delivery system for moving converted hydrogen into the fuel cell; and a battery powered by electricity generated by the fuel cell is provided.

Provided is a method for preparing synthesis gas, and more particularly, a method for preparing synthesis gas including: supplying a pyrolysis gas oil (PGO) stream including a PGO discharged from a naphtha cracking center (NCC) process to a distillation tower; and supplying a lower discharge stream from the distillation tower and a pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) stream including a PFO discharged from the naphtha cracking center (NCC) process to a combustion chamber for a gasification process as a feed stream to obtain synthesis gas.

Proposed are a process and a plant for producing a hydrogen- and carbon oxides-containing synthesis gas by partial noncatalytic oxidation of a fluid or fluidizable carbon-containing input stream of fossil origin as a first input stream in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidant and optionally a moderator to obtain a CO-rich raw synthesis gas. According to the invention a second input stream including a pyrolysis oil obtained from biomass is reacted simultaneously with the first input stream in the noncatalytic partial oxidation.

A method of producing hydrogen using biomass includes: pretreating the biomass using an ionic liquid; and extracting hydrogen by reacting the pretreated biomass with an alkaline substance.