Disclosed is a hydrogen reactor system having a hydrogen reactor configured to enable a chemical reaction involving aluminum and water to produce hydrogen and alumina. In accordance with an embodiment, the hydrogen reactor system also has a pressure regulator configured to regulate and control pressure inside the hydrogen reactor during the chemical reaction, a temperature regulator configured to regulate and control temperature inside the hydrogen reactor during the chemical reaction, and an aluminum slurry feed regulator configured to regulate and control a continuous feed of the aluminum and the water as an aluminum slurry into the hydrogen reactor during the chemical reaction, thereby enabling the hydrogen and the alumina to be continuously produced at a controlled rate. The aforementioned regulation and control enables the pressure and the temperature to be purposely operated in an elevated manner, which can increase purity of the hydrogen and the alumina being continuously produced.

Disclosed is a hydrogen reactor system having a hydrogen reactor configured to enable a chemical reaction involving aluminum and water to produce hydrogen and alumina. In accordance with an embodiment, the hydrogen reactor system also has a pressure regulator configured to regulate and control pressure inside the hydrogen reactor during the chemical reaction, a temperature regulator configured to regulate and control temperature inside the hydrogen reactor during the chemical reaction, and an aluminum slurry feed regulator configured to regulate and control a continuous feed of the aluminum and the water as an aluminum slurry into the hydrogen reactor during the chemical reaction, thereby enabling the hydrogen and the alumina to be continuously produced at a controlled rate. The aforementioned regulation and control enables the pressure and the temperature to be purposely operated in an elevated manner, which can increase purity of the hydrogen and the alumina being continuously produced.

Methods, systems, and compositions related to the recycling and/or recovery of activating materials from activated aluminum are disclosed. In one embodiment, an aqueous solution's composition may be controlled to maintain aluminum ions dissolved in solution during reaction of an activated aluminum. In another embodiment, aluminum hydroxide containing the activating materials may be dissolved into an aqueous solution to isolate the activating materials.

Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Al (Aluminum) and Mn (manganese) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel, aluminum and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.