Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods of producing a hydrogen- selective oxygen carrier material comprising combining one or more core material precursors and one or more shell material precursors to from a precursor mixture and heat-treating the precursor mixture at a treatment temperature to form the hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material. The treatment temperature is greater than or equal to 100° C. less than the melting point of a shell material, and the hydrogen- selective oxygen carrier material comprises a core comprising a core material and a shell comprising the shell material. The shell material may be in direct contact with at least a majority of an outer surface of the core material.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a support and a catalyst particle supported on the support. The catalyst particle contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least one selected from Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one selected from Mn, Co, Ni and Fe, y+z=1, x0.995, z0.4, and w is a positive value satisfying electrical neutrality. A film thickness of a catalyst-supporting film supported on the support and containing the catalyst particle is 5 m or more, or a supported amount as determined by normalizing a mass of the catalyst particle supported on the support by a volume of the support is 45 g/L or more.

A process for making a cathode active material for a lithium ion battery is described. The process includes (a) a step of synthesizing a mixed oxide of formula Li.sub.1+xTM.sub.1xO.sub.2 at a temperature ranging from 750 to 1000 C. in an oxidizing atmosphere, where TM is a combination of two or more transition metals of Mn, Co and Ni and, optionally, at least one more metal of Ba, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Cr, K, Mo, Nb, Mg, Na and V, and x is a number ranging from zero to 0.2, (b) a step of cooling down the material obtained from step (a) to a temperature ranging from 100 to 400 C., (c) a step of adding at least one reactant of BF.sub.3, SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 at the temperature of 100 to 400 C., and (d) a step of cooling down to a temperature of 50 C. or below.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a carrier and catalyst particles supported on the carrier. The catalyst particles contain a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where A contains at least one of Ba and Sr, B contains Zr, M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. An organic substance decomposition rate after the supported catalyst is subjected to a heat treatment at 950 C. for 48 hours is greater than 0.97 when the organic substance decomposition rate before the heat treatment is regarded as 1, and an amount of the catalyst particles peeled off when the supported catalyst is ultrasonicated in water at 28 kHz and 220 W for 15 minutes is less than 1 wt % of the catalyst particles before untrasonication.

A catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, the catalyst having a body which has a plurality of pores and the body contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least one selected from Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one selected from Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, 1.001x1.1, 0.05z0.2, y+z=1, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The average pore diameter of the plurality of pores is 49 nm to 260 nm and the pore volume of each of the plurality of pores is 0.08 cm.sup.3/g to 0.37 cm.sup.3/g.

A honeycomb-structured catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, which includes a catalyst particle. The catalyst particle contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least of Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, 1.001x1.05, 0.05z0.2, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The toluene decomposition rate is greater than 90% when toluene is decomposed using the honeycomb-structured catalyst subjected to a heat treatment at 1200 C. for 48 hours and a gas that contains 50 ppm toluene, 80% nitrogen, and 20% oxygen as a volume concentration as a target at a space velocity of 30,000/h and a catalyst temperature of 400 C.

Thermochemical storage materials having the general formula A.sub.xA.sub.1-xB.sub.yB.sub.1-yO.sub.3-, where A=La, Sr, K, Ca, Ba, Y and B=Mn, Fe, Co, Ti, Ni, Cu, Zr, Al, Y, Cr, V, Nb, Mo, are disclosed. These materials have improved thermal storage energy density and reaction kinetics compared to previous materials. Concentrating solar power thermochemical systems and methods capable of storing heat energy by using these thermochemical storage materials are also disclosed.

Provided are an electrode active material for a magnesium battery, including a complex transition metal oxide which is represented by a Formula 1 below and which includes -MnO.sub.2 phase having a cubic structure at a percentage of 60% or higher, an electrode and a magnesium battery including the same, and a method of preparing the electrode active material for a magnesium battery: <Formula 1> M.sub.xMn.sub.yO.sub.z In the Formula 1, 0<x1, 0.25y1, and 1z<3; and M is at least one metal selected from Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, and Zn.sup.2+.

A process for making a cathode active material for a lithium ion battery is described. The process includes (a) a step of synthesizing a mixed oxide of formula Li.sub.1+xTM.sub.1xO.sub.2 at a temperature ranging from 750 to 1000 C. in an oxidizing atmosphere, where TM is a combination of two or more transition metals of Mn, Co and Ni and, optionally, at least one more metal of Ba, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Cr, K, Mo, Nb, Mg, Na and V, and x is a number ranging from zero to 0.2, (b) a step of cooling down the material obtained from step (a) to a temperature ranging from 100 to 400 C., (c) a step of adding at least one reactant of BF.sub.3, SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 at the temperature of 100 to 400 C., and (d) a step of cooling down to a temperature of 50 C. or below.

A composite thermistor material, a preparation method and an application thereof. The perovskite structure oxide and the pyrochlorite structure oxide are composite by solid state reaction method, which comprise process of ball milling, drying, and calcining. Then the thermistor ceramics with high temperature resistance and controllable B value are sintered at high temperature after mould forming, then the thermistor disks are coated by platinum paste, and then the platinum wire is welded as the lead wire to form thermistor element. The thermistor of the invention can realize temperature measurement from room temperature to 1000 C. and has good negative temperature coefficient thermistor characteristics. The thermistor coefficient B can be adjusted by changing the two-phase ratio to meet the requirements of different systems.