A memristor material is disclosed which has the chemical formula R.sub.1-xA.sub.xB0.sub.3, wherein R is one of Eu, Gd, Tb, Nd, A is one of Ca, Sr, Ba, B is one of Mn, Co, Ni, and x is larger than 0 but smaller than 1, a preferred example being Gd.sub.1-xCa.sub.xMn0.sub.3 (GCMO) with x not less than 0.2 to obtain practical resistance switching ratios. A memristor can be manufactured by pulsed laser deposition using a sintered target of said material.

The present invention relates to a magnetic nanoparticle having a Curie temperature which is within a biocompatible temperature range, a method for preparing same, and a nanocomposite and a target substance detection composition comprising the magnetic nanoparticle. As the magnetic nanoparticle of the present invention has a Curie temperature within the temperature range of 0 degrees centigrade to 41 degrees centigrade, the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticle may be controlled within a biocompatible temperature range at a temperature at which a biological control agent is not destroyed, and the temperature of the magnetic nanoparticle is adjusted to control the magnetic properties thereof such that the properties of the magnetic nanoparticle may be used only when ferromagnetic properties are required, such as in the case of signal amplification in detecting, separating, and delivering biological control agents. Accordingly, the magnetic nanoparticle of the present invention can minimize adverse effects of ferromagnetic properties thereof, and can be used in the effective detection and separation of biological control agents.

The present invention relates to a magnetic nanoparticle having a Curie temperature which is within a biocompatible temperature range, a method for preparing same, and a nanocomposite and a target substance detection composition comprising the magnetic nanoparticle. As the magnetic nanoparticle of the present invention has a Curie temperature within the temperature range of 0 degrees centigrade to 41 degrees centigrade, the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticle may be controlled within a biocompatible temperature range at a temperature at which a biological control agent is not destroyed, and the temperature of the magnetic nanoparticle is adjusted to control the magnetic properties thereof such that the properties of the magnetic nanoparticle may be used only when ferromagnetic properties are required, such as in the case of signal amplification in detecting, separating, and delivering biological control agents. Accordingly, the magnetic nanoparticle of the present invention can minimize adverse effects of ferromagnetic properties thereof, and can be used in the effective detection and separation of biological control agents.

The present invention provides a method of preparing an MOF-coated monocrystal ternary positive electrode material. Firstly, a solution A of nickel, cobalt and manganese metal salts, an ammonia complexing agent solution and a caustic soda liquid are added to a reactor for reaction to obtain a precursor core; then, an organic carboxylate is dissolved in an amount of an organic solvent to obtain a solution B; the solution B and a manganese metal salt solution with a given concentration are added to the reactor and aged to obtain an MOF-coated core-shell structure precursor; the core-shell structure precursor is pre-sintered at a low temperature to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide with monocrystal structure; the nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide with monocrystal structure is uniformly mixed with LiOH.Math.H.sub.2O in a mortar and then calcined at a high temperature to obtain an MOF-coated monocrystal ternary positive electrode material.

A sacrificial positive active material for a lithium-ion electrochemical element which is a compound of formula (Li.sub.2O).sub.x (MnO.sub.2).sub.y(MnO).sub.z(MO.sub.a).sub.t in which: x+y+z+t=1; 1−x−y≥0; 0.97≥x≥0.6; y≤0.45; x −0.17; y≥0; y+z>0; t≥0; 1≤a<3. M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, B, Al, Ti, Si, V, Mo, Zr and a mixture thereof.

High surface area, high entropy oxides comprising multiple metal cations in a single-phase fluorite lattice material enables intrinsic catalytic activity without platinum group metals, tunable oxygen storage capacity, and thermal stability. These properties can be obtained through a facile sol-gel synthesis to provide a low-temperature route for production of phase-pure multi-cationic oxides. The resulting materials achieved significantly higher surface area and catalytic performance, taking advantage of all the properties endowed by the various cations in the composition.

Preparation, characterization, and an electrochemical study of Mg.sub.0.1V.sub.2O.sub.5 prepared by a novel sol-gel method with no high-temperature post-processing are disclosed. Cyclic voltammetry showed the material to be quasi-reversible, with improved kinetics in an acetonitrile-, relative to a carbonate-, based electrolyte. Galvanostatic test data under a C/10 discharge showed a delivered capacity >250 mAh/g over several cycles. Based on these results, a magnesium anode battery, as disclosed, would yield an average operating voltage ˜3.2 Volts with an energy density ˜800 mWh/g for the cathode material, making the newly synthesized material a viable cathode material for secondary magnesium batteries.

The present invention comprises: an overlithiated layered oxide represented by chemical formula 1 below; and an ion-conductive coating layer on the overlithiated layered oxide represented by chemical formula 1: [chemical formula 1] .sub.rLi.sub.2MnO.sub.3.Math.(1-r)Li.sub.aNi.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zM1.sub.1−(x+y+z)O.sub.2 (in chemical formula 1, 0<r≤0.6, 0<a≤1, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y<1, 0≤z<1, and 0<x+y+z<1, and M1 is at least one selected from among Na, K, Mg, Al, Fe, Cr, Y, Sn, Ti, B, P, Zr, Ru, Nb, W, Ba, Sr, La, Ga, Mg, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Fe, Al, Ta, Mo, Sc, V, Zn, Cu, In, S, B, Ge, Si, and Bi).

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium manganese oxide-based material useful in applications such as for pseudocapacitors and lithium ions batteries. More specifically, by synthesizing manganese oxide nanoparticles and mixing them with lithium salts, and conducting stepwise heat treatment processes under optimized conditions, a lithium manganese oxide-based material with excellent specific capacitance, having a high surface area with a small size, can be prepared.

A cathode composition for a lithium-ion cell or battery of the general formula: Li.sub.1+xMn.sub.1−xO.sub.2, wherein the composition is in the form of a single phase having a rock salt crystal structure such that an x-ray diffraction pattern of the composition has an absence of peaks below a 20 value of 35; and the value of x is greater than 0, and equal to or less than 0.3. The compound is also formulated into a positive electrode, or cathode, for use in an electrochemical cell.